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SynergySlim PLUS (with Tonalin CLA) |
SynergySlim PLUS is a more poweful, enhanced version of our regular SynergySlim Formula. It includes Tonalin CLA, which has been proven to accelerate the reduction of body fat. The Tonalin CLA comes in a separate bottle because it is an oil and can't be effectively combined with SynergySlim's other ingredients. SynergySlim PLUS is 100% natural, safe and effective. Each ingredient attacks a different cause of weight gain. Best of all each ingredient is proven effective, safe and has no side effects. SynergySlim PLUS is formulated with clinical doses of Phase 2 to block carbs, chromium and CLA to burn fat, Super Citrimax to control appetite and Green Tea Extract to burn calories. It will help you reduce binge eating, burn more calories, absorb less carbs, store less fat, lose weight naturally and keep it off! It will not upset your stomach, cause your heart to race, change your mood or affect your sleep. And it's backed by a 90-day guarantee.
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Did you know you can save $3.30 per bottle by upgrading to 3 bottles
or save $4.96 per bottle by upgrading to 6 bottles?
Did you know you can save $4.98 by upgrading to our Auto-Ship Plan
PLUS Receive a FREE Pill Box and Healthy Eating Guide!
Did you know you can save $20.00 by upgrading to our Auto-Ship Plan PLUS Receive a FREE Pill Box and Healthy Eating Guide!
Note: SynergySlim is designed to work in perfect harmony with Stop Aging Now's Multi Nutrient Formulas. SynergySlim is CAFFEINE FREE!
What is the Difference between SynergySlim™ and SynergySlim™ PLUS...?
SynergySlim™ PLUS is a more poweful, enhanced version of our regular SynergySlim™ Formula. It includes Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) that is formulated with 100% Tonalin brand CLA, the purest, most absorbable and most researched variety. Tonalin CLA has been proven to accelerate the reduction of body fat and has a variety of other health benefits. The Tonalin CLA comes in a separate bottle because it is an oil and can't be effectively combined with SynergySlim's other ingredients. Combined with the other four ingredients in SynergySlim™, the Tonalin CLA joins forces with the ChromeMate (the other fat burner in SynergySlim™) but attacks fat in a different way, for even greater, more accelerated weight loss.
Why a Weight-Loss Product from Stop Aging Now...?
More and more people each year are losing their battle to maintain healthy weight levels. And we know it’s not just your size or shape you’re concerned about. Being overweight increases your risk for heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, some forms of cancer, and arthritis because being overweight affects just about every system in the body. Being overweight can have a major impact on your ability to live a long, healthy life. According to former U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher, obesity accounts for 300,000 premature deaths every year.
OK, What Really Makes SynergySlim™ Different...?
You may have tried everything from special diets to prescription drugs. But what really works, and what is really safe? A new over-the-counter fat blocker, called Alli, hit the market place recently. But how natural is it if Alli’s manufacturer warns of the possibility of a variety of bowel system changes, complications with prescription drugs and and reduced absorption of key vitamins and minerals. Another potential weight loss drug, Zimult, was recently rejected by the FDA because studies showed it can cause a heightened risk of depression and suicidal thoughts. Compare this to SynergySlim™ PLUS which is 100% natural, uses ingredients that have years of clinical research backing them, and has no side effects.
Lose Weight, Feel Great….Five Different Ways
SynergySlim™ PLUS contains a proprietary blend of five unique ingredients that each contain strong clinical evidence of supporting weight loss. Each ingredient attacks a different cause of weight gain. Best of all, each ingredient is proven effective, safe and has no side effects. That’s the benefit of taking an 100% natural product!
Attack Weight Loss Five Different Ways
SynergySlim™ PLUS is a synergistic blend of five all natural ingredients that each play a different role helping you lose weight:
FAT BURNER #1 - Tonalin CLA: Derived from natural safflower oil, CLA inhibits an enzyme that breaks down fat. By suppressing this enzyme, CLA helps reduce the amount of fat that is broken down and, therefore, the amount of fat that is stored. In one recent study, volunteers received CLA or a placebo for 3 months, and asked not to make any changes in their diet and lifestyle. The CLA group had a significant reduction in body fat percent from 21.3% to 17.0%, and a reduction in body weight.
FAT BURNER #2 - ChromeMate®: A patented form of chromium, this ingredient does more than just burn fat. When you start to lose weight it makes sure weight loss comes from fat, not muscle. In one study, in which two groups lost the same weight, the chromium group lost 84% fat and16% muscle. The placebo group lost 92% muscle and 8% fat!
CARB BLOCKER - Phase 2®: A revolutionary FDA reviewed product that has been proven to neutralize the starch found in foods like potatoes, breads, pasta, rice and corn. In a recent UCLA study, the group that received the Phase 2 lost twice as much weight as the placebo group.
CALORIE BURNER - Green Tea Extract: Proven to burn up to 5% more calories per day – which equals one meal per week! It also helps keep off the weight! In a recent study, a group that had lost 13 lbs was divided in two groups. One received green tea extract, the other a placebo. The green tea group continued to lose weight while the placebo group actually regained 40% of the weight they had lost!
APPETITE CONTROL - Super CitriMax®: We added extra strength doses of this patent product that is proven to suppress appetite as well as reduce conversion of carbs to fat. In an 8-week study led by a Georgetown University professor, the Super CitriMax group lost an average of 12 pounds each compared to 3 pounds for the placebo group.
What You Can Expect with SynergySlim™ PLUS
With decades of combined clinical research, SynergySlim™ PLUS formulates natural ingredients into a safe, effective, weight loss supplement. You need to commit to SynergySlim™ PLUS. Within several weeks of taking SynergySlim™ PLUS combined with a healthy diet and exercise, you can expect to:
- Reduce Binge Eating
- Absorb Less Carbs
- Burn More Calories
- Store Less Fat
- Lose Weight Naturally
- Keep the Weight Off
What not to Expect…
SynergySlim™ PLUS is 100% natural, has no side effects and it is not a stimulant. This means that it:
- Will Not Upset Your Stomach
- Will Not Change Your Mood
- Will Not Cause Your Heart to Race
- Will Not Affect Your Sleep
Our 90-Day Money Back Guarantee
Simply take two SynergySlim™ capsules and one Tonalin CLA softgel just before each meal (a total of 9 pills per day). Its active ingredients will immediately spring into action and help you lose weight naturally and efficiently. Make sure to eat healthy, but don’t lose sleep if you enjoy a simple indulgence from time to time. Also, don’t forget to exercise. Something as simple as walking just a few times a week can make a huge difference. If you don’t achieve weight loss that makes you happy, simply return it for a full refund. We’ll even give you 90 Full Days to make this decision, because SynergySlim™ PLUS is not about a diet…it’s about a way of life.
As Low as $2.40 Per Day - Less Than You Spend on Coffee!
SynergySlim™ PLUS costs less than what you may spend on coffee per day. And you'll find this price to be easily worth it. In addition to losing weight, the ingredients in SynergySlim™ PLUS have numerous other researched backed health benefits that will help you to ward off diseases, stay younger and feel healthier. Also, if you added up the separate costs of all of the ingredients in SynergySlim™ PLUS, you would easily be spending anywhere from $110 to $125 per month.
Note: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
 SynergySlim Supplement Facts:
1 bottle: 180 capsules
Serving size: 6 capsules
Servings per bottle: 30 (1 month supply)
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Amount per serving |
%Daily value |
| Chromium (as chromium polynicotinate from ChromeMate) |
200 mcg |
167% |
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Super Citrimax® (Garcinia cambogia) (fruit) (standardized 60% hydroxycitric acid), Bean extract (Phaseolus vulgaris) (from Phase 2)®**, Green Tea (leaf) (standardized to 98% polyphenols and 70% EGCG)
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6450 mg |
* |
*Daily Value not established
Other ingredients: Gelatin, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, FD&C blue #1, FD&C red #3.
Note: The Green Tea extract in our proprietary blend is decaffeinated.
ChromeMate® and Super Citrimax® are registered trademark of InterHealth Nutraceuticals Incorporated, USA.
**Phase 2 Starch Neutralizer/Chromium®
Free of corn, milk, yeast, wheat, gluten, sugar and preservatives.
Directions: 6 capsules daily as a dietary supplement, 2 before each meal for maximum absorption. Allow up to 30 days for some ingredients to reach peak effectiveness. Take ongoing as part of a balanced weight control strategy that includes healthy eating and exercise.
Quality Pledge: Made in the USA in an FDA inspected facility to cGMP Pharmaceutical Grade Standards. Manufactured to meet the stringent standards of US Pharmacopeia (USP) for quality, purity, potency and disintegration.
Warnings: For adults only. If you are on medications, pregnant or nursing a baby, consult a health care physician prior to taking any supplement. Any weight control program should consist of a balanced, healthy diet and a consistent exercise program as prescribed by your physician.
 Tonalin-CLA.jpg" alt="" />Tonalin® CLA Supplement Facts:
1 bottle: 90 softgels
Serving size: 3 softgels
Servings per bottle: 30 (1 month supply)
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Amount per serving |
%Daily value |
| Calories |
10 |
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Calories from fat
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10 |
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| Total Fat |
1 g |
2% |
| Tonalin® Safflower oil contains: 74-82% conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) |
1,000 mg |
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*Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
**Daily Value not established
Other ingredients: Gelatin, glycerin, caramel color, titanium dioxide.
100% Natural: Free of yeast, wheat, milk or milk derivatives, lactose, sugar, preservatives, soy, artificial flavor, sodium (less than 5 mg per serving)
Directions: 3 softgels daily as a dietary supplement, 1 with each meal, preferably soon before or after eating food, for maximum absorption.
Quality Pledge: Made in the USA in an FDA inspected facility to cGMP Pharmaceutical Grade Standards. Manufactured to meet the stringent standards of US Pharmacopeia (USP) for quality, purity, potency and disintegration.
Warnings: For adults only. If you are on medications, pregnant, or nursing a baby, consult a health care physician prior to taking any supplement.
Tonalin CLA
Overview: Tonalin Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) is a patented form of a fatty acid found primarily in the tissue of grazing animals and in some dairy products. The amount of CLA found in meat and dairy products was much higher half a century ago, when livestock were primarily grass fed. Today most livestock is fattened with corn and other types of feed. CLA has been shown to increase lean muscle mass while decreasing body fat without any change in diet or exercise. Tonalin is a specific variation of CLA that has been used successfully in several weight loss studies.
How Does it Work? CLA interferes with a substance called lipoprotein lipase, which normally helps store fat in your body. It also helps to release existing stored fat for use as energy. And it helps to increase lean muscle tissue – which helps you burn more calories. (Muscle tissue is more metabolically active than fat tissue.) Those are just the weight-loss related activities of CLA. Hundreds of studies have been done on CLA since its discovery in 1978. Studies have shown CLA to block the progression of certain cancers, like breast cancer and melanoma. It has also been shown to inhibit arteriosclerosis and enhance immune function, lower cholesterol and lower tryglycerides. So supplementing your diet with CLA appears to be a good thing on many levels. The most exciting and thorough weight-loss research in humans has been conducted by Scandinavian researcher, Jean-Michael Gaullier, MD.
Research: Scandinavian Clinical Research, Oslo: 180 overweight but healthy men and women, ages 18-65, with body mass indexes of 25-30 (over 30 is considered obese) were divided into three groups. Two groups received two different forms of CLA and one group received olive oil as a placebo. They were told not to change their diet or activity levels. One year later, 157 were still participating. Those taking CLA had decreased body fat by 9% and increased muscle mass by 2%. The placebo group showed little or no change in either fat or muscle. Maximum fat loss took place in the first 3 to 6 months. Those with the highest body mass index, and women, were the most likely to benefit. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun; 79(6):1118-25.)
Researcher Jean-Michael.Gaullier, M.D worked with 134 of the same people for a second year to determine the safety of taking CLA. There were almost no side effects. Seven people suffered some digestive upset.
Dr. Gaullier’s most recent study, published in the British Journal of Nutrition in March, 2007, also found reductions in fat, primarily in women and primarily in the legs, after 6 months of supplementation. Lean body mass also increased and hip-to-waist ratio decreased. The dosage used in the study was 3.4 grams per day.
CLA’s potential as a weight-loss aid may be primarily in its effect on body composition. Those who took CLA over a period of two years did not gain their weight back, a common problem for dieters and probably due to lost muscle mass. Other studies have shown that CLA may help people deal with the irritations and uneasy feelings that occur when calories are restricted – sometimes called the “diet blues.”
Nicholas Perricone, MD, author of several books related to aging and weight loss, including the Perricone Weight Loss Diet, thinks CLA is also very important because of its anti-inflammatory properties. According to Dr. Perricone, inflammation is an integral part of the obesity epidemic and needs to be controlled in order for people to shed fat and keep it off. His diet recommends several anti-inflammatory foods, including avocado, salmon, fruits, and vegetables, along with daily CLA.
Safety: There is a wide array of research being conducted on CLA. Michael Pariza, Ph.D., of the Food Research Institute at the University of Wisconsin, is considered to be the leading expert on CLA in the United States. Dr. Pariza’s review of CLA literature was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in June, 2004. There is some research associating CLA with inflammation and insulin resistance, Dr. Pariza contends that there is ample evidence and reason to dismiss those results and says CLA is safe. There are several studies showing CLA reduces inflammation. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 79, No6, 1132S, June 2004.)
Phaseolamin (Phase 2)
Overview: Phase 2 is an extract derived from white kidney beans, has been shown to neutralize the starch found in foods like potatoes, breads, pasta, rice, corn, and crackers. If your love for carbohydrate-rich foods has been an obstacle to losing weight, this nutrient can help. It also has been shown to help decrease insulin resistance and triglyceride levels.
How it works: Phase 2 blocks the activity of alpha amylase, a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch in your intestines, making it available for energy as glucose or for fat storage. When starch is not broken down it simply passes through your system.
Research: While many carbohydrate blocker studies have been with animals and those with humans were too small to be considered conclusive by current scientific standards, small studies have show very encouraging results. For example:
2004 UCLA School of Medicine study: 27 overweight adults on a high-fiber, low-fat diet were divided into two groups. The group that received the Phaseolamin lost twice as much weight as those who took a placebo. Their triglycerides also dropped three times more than that of the control group. No negative side effects were observed. (Altern Med Rev. 2004 Mar, 9(1):63-9.)
2005 Universita Cattolica di Roma, Rome, Italy study: 60 overweight adults on a 2,000-2,200 high-carb diet were given Phaseolamin or a placebo for 30 days. The carb blocker group lost 10 times more weight (6.6 vs. 0.6 of a pound) which was mostly fat. They also showed decreases in body mass index, fat mass, fatty tissue thickness and waist/hip/thigh circumference compared to subjects receiving a placebo.(Int J of Med Sci 2007Jan 24;4(1):45-52.)
Several unpublished studies conducted by University of Scranton researcher, Joe Vinson, Ph.D., saw reductions in starch absorption by 28 to 66% when Phaseolamin was added to various high carb meals.
Safety: According to Dr. Harry Preuss, a Georgetown University Professor is one of the world's authorities on the use of dietary supplements to combat obesity, and who has helped to conduct several studies on Phaseolamin, large doses in animal studies have caused no harm, and there have been no harmful side effects in small clinical studies on people. In addition, no problems have been reported in the 10 years this product has been in the marketplace.
Super Citrimax
Overview: Super Citrimax is a patented product composed of an active ingredient, hydroxycitrate (HCA), with potassium and calcium added to aid absorption. HCA is derived from the rind of tamarind, a fruit native to India. It is similar to the citric acid found in oranges and lemons, but has some unique properties.
How it works: Research shows that HCA inhibits a key enzyme, citrate lyase, used in the body’s energy-generating Krebs cycle to convert sugars to fat. So HCA helps to prevent extra sugar that is not needed for energy from being converted to fat and stored in fat tissues, as would normally happen. Instead, it is stored in muscles and in the liver as starch, where it is easily broken down and used for energy as needed.
HCA also seems to help people to eat less without feeling hungry, so they are better able to stick with a diet. It may be that excess carbohydrates stored in the liver and muscles send satiety signals to the brain, turning off appetite. Or it may be because HCA raises blood levels of serotonin, a calming brain chemical that’s often low in people with depression. Higher levels of serotonin are helpful for weight loss.
Research: Several studies demonstrate HCA’s effectiveness and safety as a weight-loss supplement, and point out the best ways to use it. Super Citrimax is especially worth trying, both for weight loss and long-term weight control, to see if it helps you maintain better control of your food intake. Though it’s true some studies show no benefit, that could be because the dosage was too low, or because a poorly-absorbed form of HCA was used. Also, since HCA’s effect is mostly to help reduce food intake, studies may show no effect when both the active and placebo study participants are on a tightly-controlled, low-calorie diet. Here’s a study that demonstrated very positive results.
2004 study led by Georgetown University professor (conducted in India): 30 healthy but overweight people ages 21-50 participated in a sensible, moderate weight-loss program. They ate 2,000 calories a day and walked 30 minutes, five days a week. Half received HCA, as Super CitriMax. The other half received placebos.
At the end of the eight-week study, the HCA group had done better in all measured categories than the placebo group. They’d lost an average of 12 pounds each, compared to 3 pounds for the placebo group. Their BMI fell by an average 6.3%, compared to 1.7 % for the placebo group. They had a 20% increase in HDL, the “good” cholesterol. (The placebo group had an 11% increase.) And they had a 12% decrease in LDL, the “bad cholesterol. (The placebo group had no change.)
As for appetite, over the eight weeks the HCA group ate an average of 4% less food at each meal, while the placebo group ate an average of 2.8% more. Blood levels of leptin, a weight-regulating hormone, dropped 37% in the HCA group, but only 0.3% in the placebo group. Low leptin levels are a plus when it comes to weight loss.
Both groups had an increase in serotonin. The HCA group’s levels rose an average of 40%; the placebo group’s rose 21%. And urinalysis showed that the HCA group was burning more fat for fuel than the placebo group. (Diabetes Obes Metab, 2004 May; 6(3):171-80.)
Safety: In clinical studies, no significant side effects have been noted. HCA has been on the market for 10 years without reports of significant ill effects. HCA has been shown to lower blood sugar and blood pressure and raise serotonin levels. Serotonin has a calming effect, and may help reduce emotional eating. If you are taking medications to lower blood sugar or blood pressure, or an antidepressant, discuss this aspect of HCA with your doctor..
Green Tea Extract
Overview: Green Tea Extract is derived from green tea and contains concentrated amounts of a compound called epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a powerful antioxidant with anti-cancer effects. EGCG also increases metabolism. (Note: Not all green tea extracts are created equal. Look on the product label for the percent of EGCG. Some can be as low as 20 %. We recommend at least 50 % EGCG. Stop Aging Now’s green tea extract is 70% EGCG.)
How it works: EGCG is thought to block the action of an enzyme that breaks down noradrenaline, a hormone made by the adrenal gland. Noradrenaline acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain. It stimulates the body’s sympathetic nervous system, which controls heart rate, muscle tension and the release of energy from fat. Increasing noradrenaline levels keeps your body slightly “revved” so you burn more calories.
Research: On average, people can burn about 3- 4 % more calories a day, as heat, when they take green tea extract. (For a person consuming 2,500 calories daily, that would amount to 75-100 calories a day or 525-700 calories a week. That’s like making one meal vanish. Green tea also seems to act as a blood sugar regulator, helping to slow the rise in blood sugar after a meal. This in turn prevents insulin spikes and subsequent fat storage, and may also help to reduce food intake and appetite. Some research even suggests that EGCG can kill fat cells and block formation of new fat cells. For example:
2000 University of Geneva study: Researchers found that men kept in a metabolic chamber for 24 hours burned an average of 78 more calories per day if they took a combination of EGCG and caffeine. They also burned about 20% more fat. (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2005; 81(1): 122-129.)
2005 Westerterp Obesity Research study (Netherlands): Seventy-six overweight men and women spent one month on a very low-calorie diet, losing an average of 13 pounds. They then spent the next three months on a weight maintenance diet. Some received a green tea extract three times a day; others got placebos. The group that got the green tea extract continued to lose weight during the weight maintenance period, while the placebo group regained an average of 40% of the weight they had lost. (Obesity Research 2005; 13(6):982-90.)
Safety: Green tea extract is not just remarkably safe; it has many additional benefits that improve overall health. Research suggests it can help reduce the risk for cancer, stroke, infection, allergies, and diabetes. Its weight-loss benefits, along with its superb health benefits, make green tea extract a good addition to any weight loss or weight maintenance program.
ChromeMate
Overview: ChromeMate is a patented form of niacin-bound chromium, generically known as chromium nicotinate or polynicotinate. This nutrient plays an essential role in proper insulin function, maintenance of healthy blood sugar and cholesterol levels, normal energy production and promotion of healthy body weight. Chromium is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and hypoglycemia.
How it works: Chromium increases the action of insulin in the body, although it’s not exactly clear how this is accomplished. Proper insulin function, in turn, helps your body metabolize fat, turn protein into muscle and convert sugar into energy. In fact, chromium-activated insulin increases the amount of blood sugar available for energy production nearly twenty-fold. Many Americans do not get enough chromium in their diets. And chromium is depleted by excess consumption of refined sugar and white flour products Use of antacids can reduce chromium absorption.
Research: Dr. Harry Preuss has published more than a dozen scientific papers on chromium and he believes it is one of the most beneficial supplements for blood sugar balance, muscle gain, fat loss and overall health. According to Dr. Preuss, chromium helps dieters avoid the yo-yo effect which occurs when people lose mostly muscle when they cut calories.
Supplemental chromium helps people lose fat while maintaining muscles mass. In one study, where both groups lost the same amount of weight, the chromium-supplemented group lost 84% fat and 16% muscle. The placebo group lost 92% muscle and 8% fat. Since muscle burns more calories than fat, retaining as much muscle as possible is very important to maintaining weight loss. If you lose muscle mass, your body burns fewer calories every day.
Safety: Dietary chromium has a good safety profile. None of the hundreds of studies on chromium in people have shown harmful affects.
Note: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Cut Carbs with Spaghetti SquashMay 7, 2008 Spaghetti squash is a great pasta alternative! READ MORE 
Making Weight-Loss Supplements Work for You March 14, 2008 Advice from Dr. Preuss on how to achieve the best results possible with your weight-loss supplement. READ MORE
Fight Fat Naturally with CLAFebruary 11, 2008 More research confirms CLA’s fat-fighting abilities. READ MORE
As You Age, Rely on Protein Power!February 11, 2008 New research proves just how important protein is to helping you maintain muscle as you age. READ MORE
Accelerate Fat Loss!February 5, 2008 Reach your goal faster and better than with diet and exercise alone. READ MORE
Over 65? Reduce Risk of Chronic DiseaseJanuary 15, 2008 It's never too late! Improve your health with nutrition and exercise at 60, 70 and beyond. READ MORE
Sarcopenia: Treatment with SupplementsJanuary 9, 2008 The loss of muscle mass begins around age 30 and accelerates at 60. Supplements can help you avoid muscle loss as you age, greatly improving your quality of life. READ MORE
Prevent Muscle Loss, Age GracefullyDecember 12, 2007 Maintaining muscle mass is as important as losing fat for good health. READ MORE
Approved Diet Drugs Carry Serious RisksDecember 12, 2007 What your doctor may not be aware of...or may not be telling you READ MORE
The Latest Weight-Loss SuperheroDecember 12, 2007 White bean extract may fight off extra pounds. READ MORE
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PRODUCT FAST FACTS
- A more powerful, enhanced version of our regular SynergySlim Formula
- Features two Fat Burners, a Carb Blocker, a Calorie Burner and an Appetite Suppressant
- Safe, effective and no side effects. Backed by strong clinical research
- Made in the USA in a FDA inspected facility
ACCORDING TO JEAN CARPER
THE anti-aging PROMISE OF CHROMIUM: Taking chromium supplements may help: •Lower insulin levels •Lower triglycerides •Raise good-type HDL cholesterol. • discourage artery-clogging and heart disease. •Normalize blood sugar. •Reduce your risk of adult-onset diabetes. •Thwart cancer growth. •Boost immune functioning. •Increase energy. •Increase lean body mass. •Rev up production of anti-aging hormone DHEA. •Extend life. This quote is an excerpt from Jean Carper's book Stop Aging Now |
Chondroitin is a major component of cartilage. Supplemental chondroitin sulfate is derived from natural animal sources including shark and cow cartilage. Chondroitin may play a positive role osteoarthritis, because it may preserve joint cartilage. Chondroitin is frequently used in combination with glucosamine. Overall, evidence suggests that some people with osteoarthritis of the knee benefit from taking chondroitin.
Studies have shown 1,200 mg of chondroitin sulfate in combination with 1,500 mg of glucosamine hydrochloride per day to be effective.
Boron is a trace mineral which is used as a dietary supplement for promoting bone and joint health, building muscles and increasing testosterone levels, and enhancing cognitive function and fine motor skills. Boron seems to be important in mineral metabolism and cell membrane function. Research suggests that supplemental boron may increase serum estrogen levels in postmenopausal women.
Studies have shown that taking up to 3 mg of boron daily via supplements is safe.
Research has shown that calcium can play a positive role in osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), leg cramps associated with pregnancy, colorectal cancer, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Calcium can also be used as an antacid. It is estimated that 30 years of continuous calcium supplementation among post-menopausal women might result in a 10% improvement in bone mineral density, and a 50% overall reduction in fracture rates, as compared with women who do not take calcium supplements.
Studies have demonstrated the safety of supplementing with up to 2000 mg of calcium daily.
Black cohosh is used as a medicinal herb to reduce symptoms of menopause, including hot flashes. There is evidence to suggest that black cohosh may be comparable to a low-dose estrogen skin patch for relieving hot flashes. Black cohosh may have some estrogen-like effects, but black cohosh does not appear to affect endometrial tissue or hormone levels. Black cohosh may work by affecting the pituitary gland.
Studies have shown 80-250 mg of black cohosh per day to be effective.
Biotin is a B vitamin involved in the production of fats and proteins. Biotin can be manufactured in the intestines by bacteria. People deficient in biotin may experience symptoms including loss of appetite, nausea, dry skin with scaling, and seborrhea (a chronic inflammatory skin condition with flaking, especially around the nose, eyebrows and hairline). Cradle cap in infants may indicate a biotin deficiency.
Studies have shown 30-300 mcg of biotin per day to be effective.
Phase 2®, or phaseolamin, or is a non-stimulant, natural substance derived from white kidney beans. Phase 2® may act as a "carb blocker" in the body by interfering with the digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates for absorption. Phase 2® also contains fiber, which can bind with fats to reduce fat absorption.
Studies have shown 1,500 mg of Phase 2® per day to be effective.
Alpha lipoic acid occurs naturally in the body. Alpha lipoic acid was originally thought to be a vitamin, but alpha lipoic acid was reclassified upon the discovery that it is created in the bodies of humans and animals. Alpha lipoic acid is involved in the production of energy from carbohydrates. Alpha lipoic acid may improve insulin resistance and glucose use. Research shows that alpha lipoic acid may also be also useful in the treatment of nerve and eye damage. Alpha lipoic acid has been used for dementia, chronic fatigue syndrome, HIV/AIDS, cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and Lyme disease. Alpha lipoic acid may also enhance the antioxidant action of vitamin E, vitamin C, and glutathione, and prevent oxidative damage to nerves and the brain.
Studies have shown 50-100 mg of alpha lipoic acid per day to be effective.
Acetyl-L-carnitine occurs naturally in the body and is also found in animal products, primarily red meat. Acetyl-L-carnitine helps the body burn fat for energy. Acetyl-L-carnitine also improves the body’s production of an important neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, and may reduce oxidative damage in the brain. Several studies have shown that there may be some positive effects of acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation in Alzheimer's patients. Other research suggests that acetyl-L-carnitine may help slow age-related mental decline, protect the brain after a stroke, and improve blood flow to the brain. Acetyl-L-carnitine might also be effective in the treatment of diabetic and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy and in the regeneration of nerves in the arms and legs.
A preventive, long-term usage dose of acetyl-L-carnitine is 100-400 mg.
Acai berry extract is derived from the deep purple, grape-sized fruit of the acai palm which grows in South America. The acai berry has been used traditionally for arthritis and heart disease, and for improving general health. The pulp of the acai berry is rich in antioxidants that may protect cells from damage associated with aging, disease, and environmental toxins. Research has shown that acai berries have more antioxidant power than cranberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, or blueberries.
Studies have shown 400-800 mg per day of acai berry extract to be effective.
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is the major fatty acid in fish oil that helps protect brains against dementia and Alzheimer's disease. DHA is used during the first four months of life to enhance mental development. Evidence shows DHA is also helpful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, macular degeneration, and depression. In combination with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA is also used for a variety of heart conditions, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung diseases, and lupus. EPA and DHA are also used in combination for migraine headaches, skin problems, Raynaud's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder, and ulcerative colitis.
DHA is usually administered with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in fish oil. A wide range of dosages has been used. A typical dose is 100-300 mg of DHA.
Curcumin is concentrated in the yellow curry spice, turmeric. As an extract in supplements, curcumin is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. In clinical research, curcumin shows promise as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and may help explain why the curry-eating population of India has an extremely low rate of Alzheimer's.
Research suggests that 10-200 mg of curcumin per day is effective.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant and energy booster within all cells, particularly in the heart and brain. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) helps cells make ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the fuel for all cell activity and thus, all life. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels decline dramatically with age, and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is also depleted by the use of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs. Low levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are associated with muscle pain and weakness, and a higher risk of congestive heart failure, heart attacks, chest pain, chronic inflammation and high blood pressure.
Research suggests that 10-400 mg of CoQ10 is effective.
Copper is an essential trace mineral, involved in the body’s production of proteins that help maintain structure and elasticity in the skin and blood vessels. Copper is also involved in the production of red blood cells, antioxidants, energy, and neurotransmitters. Supplemental copper is used primarily for the prevention of heart disease and the treatment of osteoarthritis. There is evidence that taking copper in combination with zinc, manganese, and calcium might slow bone loss in postmenopausal women. Copper deficiencies have been linked with aneurysm (the bulging or rupture of blood vessels). Copper deficiencies are rare, but have been found in people taking high doses of zinc. Too much copper can be toxic.
The estimated safe and adequate intake of copper for adults is 1.5-3 mg.
Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in blood sugar metabolism. Chromium may improve blood sugar control in types 1 and 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes, steroid-induced high blood sugar, and reactive hypoglycemia. Some evidence also suggests that chromium might decrease weight gain and fat accumulation, especially in people with type 2 diabetes.
Research suggests all adults should take a 200 mcg of chromium per day.
Cinnamon is a spice that may improve insulin sensitivity by making insulin work better and by mimicking insulin activity. Studies show that supplemental cinnamon may help to reduce fasting blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes. Research also suggests that daily use of a water-soluble extract of cinnamon, Cinnulin, may improve body composition by increasing muscle and reducing fat, while also improving blood sugar levels and reducing insulin resistance.
Research suggests that 250 mg of Cinnulin per day is effective.
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is a major component of fish oil used to reduce inflammation in the body. EPA is used in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for a variety of heart conditions, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung diseases, and lupus. EPA and DHA are also used in combination for migraine headaches, skin problems, Raynaud's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder, and ulcerative colitis. Research shows that increased consumption of EPA-containing fish oil may slightly decrease the risk of death in patients with coronary artery disease, reduce risk for dementia, improve symptoms of recurrent depression, help psoriasis, and lead to a modest improvement in aggressive behavior in people with personality disorders.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is usually administered with DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) as fish oil. A wide range of doses has been used. A typical dose is 1200-500 mg.
Flaxseed contains soluble fiber, which helps lower cholesterol and prevent constipation. Flaxseed contains essential fatty acids that can be converted to heart-healthy, anti-inflammatory omega-3 fats in the body, and lignans, compounds with weak estrogen-like properties. Research shows flaxseed can lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, reduce symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and night sweats, and relieve constipation. Evidence also suggests flaxseed can reduce the risk for hormone-related breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men, and improve kidney function in people with lupus.
Dosages of 30-50 grams a day have been found effective for improving symptoms of menopause, reducing high cholesterol, and improving lupus-related kidney problems.
Folate, or folic acid, is a B vitamin found in foliage plants. Folic acid functions in many body processes, including cell division, energy production, nervous system growth and maintenance, production of neurotransmitters and red blood cells. Folic acid is critically important in suppressing homocysteine, a blood protein linked to heart disease, strokes and dementia. Folic acid also reduces the risk of birth defects and certain cancers. Research suggests getting adequate folic acid can slow age-relate declines in cognitive function.
800 mcg of folic acid daily provides optimal homocysteine reduction.
The leaves of the ginkgo tree have a long history of use in the Orient to prevent memory loss and age-related mental decline. Ginkgo biloba is a strong antioxidant, shown to retard nerve cell degeneration, protect brain cells from neurotoxins, reduce inflammation and improve blood flow. In studies, ginkgo has been shown to improve memory and mood, with few side effects. Ginkgo seems to help both older and younger people, and may also help to relieve depression and stress.
Several studies have shown 120 mg daily to be an optimal dose of ginkgo biloba.
Glucosamine hydrochloride is a combination of an amino acid and sugar. Glucosamine is found in cartilage, the smooth connective tissue in joints. Glucosamine hydrochloride is usually derived from the shells of shrimp, lobsters and crabs - however a brand called ReganaSure is shellfish-free. Glucosamine is needed by the body to form tendons, ligaments, cartilage, synovial fluid, mucous membranes, and structures in the eye, blood vessels, and heart valves. Glucosamine stimulates metabolism of cartilage-forming cells and of joint-lubricating synovial cells in the joint capsule. Evidence suggests that glucosamine can reduce pain in people with mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee.
Several studies have shown 1,500 mg to be an optimal dose of glucosamine hydrochloride.
Grape seed extract is obtained from the seeds of grapes, a by-product of the manufacturing of wine and grape juice. Grape seed extract is rich in flavonoids, the same compounds that give wine and grape juice its health benefits. Grape seed extract flavonoids have a wide variety of benefits, including protection against the oxygen-induced damage and harmful blood clots that can cause heart attacks. Grape seed extract flavonoids can help blood vessels dilate freely, which is why grape seed extract is used for chronic venous insufficiency and to reduce fluid in the legs. Flavonoids can also reduce the risk of allergic reactions and protect against drug and chemical-induced toxicity.
Experts suggest a maintenance dose of 40-80 mg daily of grape seed extract.
Green tea extract is derived from green tea, which has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The most well known active ingredient in green tea is called EGCG. Research suggests that regular consumption of green tea can help prevent a number of types of cancer. Green tea also seems to improve mental performance and help maintain alertness. Some studies also suggest it can help with weight loss.
Studies show that 50-500 mg of green tea extract per day is optimal.
Gymnema is an Ayurvedic herb that may reduce craving for sugar and help regulate blood sugar. Research suggests that gymnema reduces intestinal absorption of sugar and may stimulate the growth of pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Taking a gymnema sylvestre extract in combination with insulin or blood-sugar-lowering drugs can further reduce blood sugar in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. When it is placed in the mouth, gymnema alters the taste of sugar, possibly by blocking sugar receptors on the tongue, so some use it to fight sugar cravings.
Studies have shown 400-800 mg daily of gymnema to be effective.
Lutein is a yellow pigment usually found in combination with zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the two major pigments in the eye’s retina and macula (a spot in the center of the retina responsible for high-acuity vision). They act as antioxidants and as blue light filters, protecting underlying eye tissues from damage from light. Studies suggest that people who consume higher amounts of lutein and zeaxanthin in their diet have a reduced risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of vision loss in older people. Research shows that taking lutein and zeaxanthin supplements can improve symptoms of AMD such as glare recovery and contrast sensitivity. Studies also suggest a reduced risk of developing severe cataracts that require surgical removal in people consuming higher amounts of lutein zeaxanthin in their diet.
Studies show that 10-20 mg of lutein per day is optimal.
Lycopene is the pigment that gives some fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, their red color. Lycopene is also found in watermelons, pink grapefruits, apricots, and pink guavas. Like beta-carotene, lycopene is a carotenoid. However, it has no vitamin A activity. Lycopene is the most potent antioxidant of any carotenoid. Lycopene may reduce cancer risk by preventing oxidative damage to DNA. Studies link high intakes of lycopene with decreased risk for lung, prostate and ovarian cancer.
Experts recommend 5-10 mg of lycopene a day.
Madeglucyl is a patented product derived from the seeds of the edible plant, Eugenia jambolana, long used in Eastern medicine. Madeglucyl has a history of use for the treatment of diabetes. In clinical studies, Madeglucyl helps reduce blood sugar levels without causing low blood sugar.
Madeglucyl has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels at dosages of 1,000-3,000 mg per day.
Magnesium is a mineral involved in more than 300 different reactions in the body. Magnesium is especially important for energy metabolism, blood pressure regulation, normal heartbeat, nerve signaling, and bone metabolism. Processed foods often lack magnesium, making magnesium one of the nutrients lacking in many diets. Studies show magnesium is effective for certain types of heart arrhythmia, asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome, angina, and cluster headaches. Magnesium levels tend to be low in people with poorly-controlled diabetes, and research suggests that supplemental magnesium improves insulin sensitivity.
Experts recommend supplementing with a dosage of magnesium in the range of 250-400 mg per day.
Manganese is an essential trace mineral that helps maintain healthy bones and cartilage. Manganese is also is needed to make a powerful natural antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, which helps protect the body from chemical and radiation damage. Manganese is included in most multi-vitamin-mineral formulas and in some osteoporosis formulas. Evidence suggests that manganese, along with calcium, zinc, and copper, seems to help reduce spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women.
For osteoporosis, 2-4 mg combined with 1000 mg elemental calcium, 15 mg zinc, and 2 mg copper has been used.
MSM is a naturally-occurring compound found in green plants, grains, and milk. MSM is made from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and contributes sulfur to some proteins. MSM is primarily used for osteoarthritis, alone or in combination with glucosamine. Research suggests that a MSM-glucosamine combination can reduce some symptoms of osteoarthritis such as pain and swelling, and improve joint function.
Studies have shown 1,500 mg daily of MSM to be optimal.
Niacin is a B vitamin involved in energy production and other important chemical reactions in the body. A niacin deficiency affects the whole body, including the skin, intestines and brain. Niacin deficiencies are uncommon, since niacin is present in many foods. Niacin can be used therapeutically, in large doses, under medical supervision, to raise HDL cholesterol and lower triglycerides.
Experts recommend 15-25 mg of niacin daily.
Omega-3 fatty acids are a family of fatty acids that include alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosaptenaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA seems to be especially useful for reducing inflammation in the body, while DHA works more in the brain. Both are used in combination to treat or prevent a variety of health problems, including heart conditions, depression, attention-deficit and bipolar disorders, macular degeneration, dementia, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung and skin diseases, and autoimmune disorders. ALA is usually present along with EPA and DHA and has its own anti-inflammatory activity.
Experts recommend a daily minimum of 500-800 mg of omega-3 fatty acids.
Pantothenic acid is a B vitamin essential for the body’s use of carbohydrates, proteins and fat, and in the production of hormones, neurotransmitters and epithelial cells (cells lining surface areas). A pantothenic acid deficiency may result in fatigue, headache, numbness and weakness in legs, and heart and intestinal changes. Pantothenic acid is found in most multi-vitamins, but amounts vary greatly.
While the RDA for pantothenic acid is 5 mg, research has shown 25-50 mg to be extremely effective.
Paractin is a patented, standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata, an herb used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine, mostly to treat colds and flu. Paractin is reported to have several active ingredients that help control inflammation by regulating the production of inflammation-producing biochemicals by immune cells. Paractin is thought to be a “natural COX-2 inhibitor” that may provide benefits for people with arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and other inflammatory conditions, without the side effects of drugs.
Research has shown 250 mg daily of Paractin to be effective.
Phytosterols are plant-based compounds similar to cholesterol that can interfere with cholesterol absorption and production in the body. Beta-sitosterol is a phytosterol commonly added to margarines as a cholesterol-reducing aid. Studies show phytosterols significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (bad cholesterol), but have little or no effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (good cholesterol). Research also suggests that beta-sitosterol may also have some anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulating properties.
Research has shown 200-800 mg of phytosterols to be effective.
Policosanol is a mixture of waxy alcohols derived from a variety of plant sources including sugar cane and wheat germ oil. Some research suggests that policosanol can lower total cholesterol by 9-29% by inhibiting the liver’s production of cholesterol and by increasing the breakdown of LDL cholesterol. Research also shows that policosanol helps to reduce harmful blood-clotting that can lead to heart attacks.
For high cholesterol 10-20 mg daily of Policosanol has been shown to be effective.
Pomegranate is a unique, deep-red fruit with leathery skin and many small seeds, native to Iran. Pomegranate has been used for millennia to treat a wide variety of diseases. Pomegranate juice contains more polyphenols than red wine, green tea, blueberry, cranberry, or orange juice. Pomegranate polyphenols have antioxidant activity that can be as much as three times higher than red wine or green tea. Research suggests that pomegranate juice may slow the progression of heart disease, reduce blood pressure, help regulate blood sugar, reduce cholesterol, slow the progression of osteoarthritis, and even have some anti-cancer properties.
Research has shown 250 mg of pomegranate fruit extract to be effective.
Pygeum is an evergreen tree found in the mountains of central and southern Africa. Research shows that pygeum contains three types of compounds that effectively relieve the symptoms of prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia).
For relief of BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia), 100 mg per day of pygeum has been proven effective.
Riboflavin is an essential B vitamin, required for oxygen use and energy production. Riboflavin is also involved in red blood cell production and helps the body to produce an important natural antioxidant, glutathione. A riboflavin deficiency may result in cracks around the mouth, burning tongue, and skin changes. A riboflavin deficiency can occur in people with long-standing infections such as HIV, liver disease, alcoholism, and cancer. Riboflavin is thought to play a role in cataract prevention. High dietary intake of riboflavin is associated with a reduced risk of cataracts.
Research has shown up to 30 mg per day of riboflavin to be beneficial.
Saw palmetto extract comes from the berries of a small palm tree. Saw palmetto berries contain oils that help reduce the effects of male hormones on prostate tissue and reduce inflammation, and so, improve symptoms of enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia).
Research has shown 400 mg daily of saw palmetto to be effective for BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia).
Selenium is a trace mineral, essential in small amounts for good health. Selenium activates glutathione, an important antioxidant produced in the body. Selenium acts together with vitamin E to provide antioxidant protection. Selenium plays a major role in thyroid hormone production. Research shows selenium can reduce the risk for cancer, especially prostate cancer. It also seems to improve immune function. The Upper Safe Limit for selenium is 400 mcg a day.
For cancer prevention, 200 mcg of selenium per day is recommended.
Soy isoflavones are compounds isolated from soybeans. Soy isoflavones act like weak forms of estrogen. Soy isoflavones are used most often to reduce symptoms of menopause. Research shows that taking concentrated soy isoflavone extracts can reduce symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. Studies also suggest that soy isoflavones can reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women.
According to research, 50-150 mg of soy isoflavones per day is recommended to help symptoms of menopause.
Super Citrimax is a patented product containing hydroxycitrate (HCA), derived from the tamarind (Garcinia cambogia), a fruit native to southern India. HCA is similar to the citric acid found in oranges and lemons, but has some unique properties. Research shows that HCA helps to prevent excess calories from being stored as fat. HCA also seems to help control appetite through a number of possible actions. Several studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of HCA.
Studies show 4,500 mg a day in divided doses to be effective for weight loss.
Sytrinol is a patented product made from citrus peels. Sytrinol is a powerful antioxidant that contains phytosterols, which are cholesterol-like compounds found in plants. Studies have shown the heart-healthy benefits of Sytrinol in lowering total and LDL cholesterol levels, without the side effects common to cholesterol-lowering drugs.
A dosage of 150 mg of Sytrinol per day has been found effective for reducing cholesterol levels.
Thiamine is a B vitamin involved in carbohydrate metabolism and the production of energy. A thiamine deficiency can lead to many problems, including degeneration of the nervous system. A lack of thiamine can be caused by alcoholism or a diet high in foods that interfere with thiamine, such as coffee and tea. A simple blood test can test for a thiamine deficiency.
Studies have shown that up to 50 mg of thiamine can safely improve mental alertness.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA is an essential fatty acid found in safflower and other vegetable oils that, studies suggest, can help you selectively lose fat rather than water or muscle as you lose weight. CLA also reduces the body’s ability to absorb fat, because it suppresses an enzyme, lipoprotein lipase, that breaks down fat in the intestines so that it can be absorbed. In weight loss studies, Tonalin, a patented form of CLA, has provided reductions in total body fat mass.
Research has shown 1,000-3,000 mg per day to be effective.
Vinpocetine is a compound derived from a plant in the periwinkle family. Vinpocetine seems to have a number of beneficial effects. Some studies indicate that vinpocetine can enhance blood flow to the brain and improve oxygen and glucose use by brain cells. Vinpocetine seems to increase production of some neurotransmitters. Vinpocetine also decreases the blood’s tendency to form harmful clots. Research suggests that vinpocetine can protect nerve cells and help prevent seizures by protecting against lack of oxygen and by regulating certain biochemical pathways. Vinpocetine also may be modestly effective in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other kinds of dementia.
Research has shown 5-20 mg of vinpocetine daily to be effective.
Vitaberry is a patented blend of freeze-dried whole fruit powders and extracts, including wild blueberry, cranberry, raspberry, strawberry, wild bilberry, tart cherry, prune, and grape. One gram of Vitaberry contains the antioxidant protection of more than 10 servings of fruits and vegetables.
Research has shown 10-100 mg of Vitaberry to provide significant antioxidant levels and other benefits.
Carotenoids are a class of more than 600 red, orange, and yellow pigments found in plants. All have antioxidant power, and some, particularly beta-carotene, can also be converted to vitamin A in the body. Studies suggest that diets high in carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced risk of heart disease and some cancers.
The RDA for vitamin A is 5,000 IU. Stop Aging Now's Multi-Nutrient Formulas split this amount between 2,500 IU of vitamin A in the form of beta-carotene and mixed carotenoids and 2,500 IU in the form of vitamin A palmitate.
Vitamin A plays an important role in vision, the development and maintenance of bone, skin, and mucous membranes, proper immune function, and the orderly growth, maturation, and division of cells. Vitamin A palmitate is a source of preformed vitamin A, also know as retinol, which is found in animal-based foods. (Liver is a good source.) Provitamin A carotenoids, which are found in plant-based foods, are converted to vitamin A as needed by the body.
The RDA for vitamin A is 5,000 IU. Stop Aging Now's Multi-Nutrient Formulas split this amount between 2,500 IU of vitamin A in the form of beta-carotene and mixed carotenoids and 2,500 IU in the form of vitamin A palmitate.
Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that helps maintain healthy nerves and red blood cells. Vitamin B12 is also needed to make DNA, the genetic material found in all cells. Dietary vitamin B12 is found primarily in animal-based foods. In older people, a vitamin B12 deficiency is most likely to occur due to problems absorbing the vitamin because of low stomach acid. Symptoms of a vitamin B12 deficiency can include depression, memory loss, numbness and tingling, and trouble with balance and walking. Vitamin B12 is generally considered safe, even in large doses. It is usually used in combination with other B vitamins.
Therapeutic dosages of vitamin B12 are 500 mcg or more a day.
Vitamin B6 is an essential nutrient needed to process proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Vitamin B6 is involved in a wide variety of chemical reactions in the body, including the production of important brain and nerve neurotransmitters. Vitamin B6 helps protect the heart and blood vessels by working with folic acid and vitamin B12 to reduce blood levels of toxic homocysteine. Vitamin B6 is found to be effective in helping to prevent lung cancer, oxalate-type kidney stones, and premenstrual syndrome.
Therapeutic dosages of vitamin B6 range from 10-200 mg a day.
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in many of the body's important metabolic processes. Vitamin C is probably best known for its role as an antioxidant and in proper immune function. A vitamin C deficiency leads to poor immunity, loose teeth, hemorrhaging in the skin and muscles, and eventually, death. Vitamin C deficiencies are not common, but can be overlooked.
Therapeutic dosages range widely, from 200-2,000 mg per day.
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient involved in bone metabolism and calcium use throughout the body. A vitamin D deficiency leads to bone loss, muscle weakness, and loss of balance. Supplemental vitamin D can help prevent falls and fractures in older people. Vitamin D also benefits some forms of psoriasis, and some disorders associated with calcium deficiency. Vitamin D deficiencies are more common than previously thought, especially in older people.
New research suggests 1,000 IU per day of Vitamin D may be optimal. Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3, is the superior supplemental form.
Vitamin E is an essential nutrient and potent antioxidant found primarily in vegetable oils and nuts and seeds. There are 8 different forms of natural vitamin E. Four are tocopherol forms: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-, and four are tocotrienol forms. Most of the vitamin E in foods is gamma-tocopherol. Research suggests supplemental vitamin E can help with macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, anemia associated with kidney dialysis, some types of cancer and chemotherapy-related toxicity, decreased strength and physical performance in older adults, and diabetes and neuropathy.
The RDA for vitamin E is 15 mg/day (22.5 IU of alpha-tocopherol). Amounts used therapeutically range from 200-1,000 IU or more.
Zeaxanthin is a yellow pigment usually found in combination with lutein. It is lutein's mirror-image. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the two major pigments in the eye’s retina and macula (a spot in the center of the retina responsible for high-acuity vision). They act as antioxidants and as blue light filters, protecting underlying eye tissues from damage from light. People who consume higher amounts of lutein and zeaxanthin have a reduced risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of vision loss in older people. Research suggests that taking lutein and zeaxanthin supplements improves symptoms of AMD such as glare recovery and contrast sensitivity. Studies also suggest a reduced risk of developing severe cataracts that require surgical removal in people consuming higher amounts of lutein and zeaxanthin.
To reduce the risk of macular degeneration and cataracts, experts suggest 2-5 mg daily of zeaxanthin.
Zinc is an essential trace mineral involved in many biological processes in the body, including the manufacture of genetic materials and proteins. Zinc plays an important role in immune function, wound healing, taste and smell, thyroid function, and insulin action. Symptoms of a zinc deficiency include mental lethargy, lack of appetite, poor sense of smell and taste, and decreased thyroid function. Zinc deficiencies are rare in the US, however, alcoholism and chronic kidney disease can create a zinc deficiency. Zinc works closely with vitamin A. Zinc monomethionine is a highly-absorbable form of zinc.
For men, 11 mg of zinc per day is considered adequate. For women, 8 mg per day may be appropriate. Therapeutic dosages range from 20-50 mg per day.
Tocotrienols are a form of vitamin E. The vitamin E family contains four natural tocopherols and four natural tocotrienols, alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol. While tocopherols are generally concentrated in vegetable oils, tocotrienols tend to be concentrated in cereal grains such as rice, oats, and barley. Some research suggests that the fat-soluable molecular structure of tocotrienols may make them the more effective antioxidants of the vitamin E family.
Research has shown 10-20 mg of tocotrienols to be effective.
Brown rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain, which is removed to create white rice. Brown rice bran contains high levels of several antioxidants, including vitamin E. Recent studies have suggested that brown rice bran can lower elevated blood pressure and levels of unhealthy LDL cholesterol.
Quercetin is one of the flavonoids, water-soluable plant pigments commonly known for their antioxidant activity. Studies have shown that quercetin is consistently the most active of the flavonoids, and is found in high concentrations in many medicinal plants. Research suggests that quercetin may be particularly useful in the prevention of cancer. Quercetin has been used therapeutically for a wide range of allergic and inflammatory conditions, including respiratory conditions such as asthma and bronchitis.
Experts recommend 200–500 mg of quercetin taken 2-3 times per day.
Resveratrol is an antioxidant present in a wide variety of plants. Wine and grape juice are among the best dietary sources of resveratrol. Red wine contains much greater amounts of resveratrol than does white wine, since resveratrol is concentrated in the grape skin and the manufacturing process of red wine includes prolonged contact with grape skins.
Research has shown 200–600 mg of resveratrol per day to be effective.
Soy lecithin is a natural fat-soluble substance derived from soybeans. Lecithin is also present in high concentrations in meat, egg yolks, and bee pollen. It is used commercially as an emulsifier of fats, which actually parallels it's action within the body. Lecithin contains phosphatidylcholine, which is used by the liver in its metabolism of fats.
Lecithin is often taken in a dosages of up to 1,200 mg twice daily.
Tocopherols are a form of vitamin E. The vitamin E family contains four natural tocotrienols and four natural tocopherols, d-alpha, beta, delta and gamma-tocopherol. Tocopherols are fat-soluble antioxidants that are generally concentrated in vegetable oils.
Amounts used therapeutically range from 200-1,000 IU or more.
Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid that is most commonly known for its high antioxidant activity. Research has indicated that due to astaxanthin’s high antioxidant activity, it may be beneficial for a number of different health concerns. Particularly, it has shown promising implications for supporting cardiovascular and immune health. Astaxanthin may also provide support for inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
Experts recommend taking .5 to 2mg per day.
Chondroitin is a major component of cartilage. Supplemental chondroitin sulfate is derived from natural animal sources including shark and cow cartilage. Chondroitin may play a positive role osteoarthritis, because it may preserve joint cartilage. Chondroitin is frequently used in combination with glucosamine. Overall, evidence suggests that some people with osteoarthritis of the knee benefit from taking chondroitin.
Studies have shown 1,200 mg of chondroitin sulfate in combination with 1,500 mg of glucosamine hydrochloride per day to be effective.
Boron is a trace mineral which is used as a dietary supplement for promoting bone and joint health, building muscles and increasing testosterone levels, and enhancing cognitive function and fine motor skills. Boron seems to be important in mineral metabolism and cell membrane function. Research suggests that supplemental boron may increase serum estrogen levels in postmenopausal women.
Studies have shown that taking up to 3 mg of boron daily via supplements is safe.
Research has shown that calcium can play a positive role in osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), leg cramps associated with pregnancy, colorectal cancer, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Calcium can also be used as an antacid. It is estimated that 30 years of continuous calcium supplementation among post-menopausal women might result in a 10% improvement in bone mineral density, and a 50% overall reduction in fracture rates, as compared with women who do not take calcium supplements.
Studies have demonstrated the safety of supplementing with up to 2000 mg of calcium daily.
Black cohosh is used as a medicinal herb to reduce symptoms of menopause, including hot flashes. There is evidence to suggest that black cohosh may be comparable to a low-dose estrogen skin patch for relieving hot flashes. Black cohosh may have some estrogen-like effects, but black cohosh does not appear to affect endometrial tissue or hormone levels. Black cohosh may work by affecting the pituitary gland.
Studies have shown 80-250 mg of black cohosh per day to be effective.
Biotin is a B vitamin involved in the production of fats and proteins. Biotin can be manufactured in the intestines by bacteria. People deficient in biotin may experience symptoms including loss of appetite, nausea, dry skin with scaling, and seborrhea (a chronic inflammatory skin condition with flaking, especially around the nose, eyebrows and hairline). Cradle cap in infants may indicate a biotin deficiency.
Studies have shown 30-300 mcg of biotin per day to be effective.
Phase 2®, or phaseolamin, or is a non-stimulant, natural substance derived from white kidney beans. Phase 2® may act as a "carb blocker" in the body by interfering with the digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates for absorption. Phase 2® also contains fiber, which can bind with fats to reduce fat absorption.
Studies have shown 1,500 mg of Phase 2® per day to be effective.
Alpha lipoic acid occurs naturally in the body. Alpha lipoic acid was originally thought to be a vitamin, but alpha lipoic acid was reclassified upon the discovery that it is created in the bodies of humans and animals. Alpha lipoic acid is involved in the production of energy from carbohydrates. Alpha lipoic acid may improve insulin resistance and glucose use. Research shows that alpha lipoic acid may also be also useful in the treatment of nerve and eye damage. Alpha lipoic acid has been used for dementia, chronic fatigue syndrome, HIV/AIDS, cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and Lyme disease. Alpha lipoic acid may also enhance the antioxidant action of vitamin E, vitamin C, and glutathione, and prevent oxidative damage to nerves and the brain.
Studies have shown 50-100 mg of alpha lipoic acid per day to be effective.
Acetyl-L-carnitine occurs naturally in the body and is also found in animal products, primarily red meat. Acetyl-L-carnitine helps the body burn fat for energy. Acetyl-L-carnitine also improves the body’s production of an important neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, and may reduce oxidative damage in the brain. Several studies have shown that there may be some positive effects of acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation in Alzheimer's patients. Other research suggests that acetyl-L-carnitine may help slow age-related mental decline, protect the brain after a stroke, and improve blood flow to the brain. Acetyl-L-carnitine might also be effective in the treatment of diabetic and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy and in the regeneration of nerves in the arms and legs.
A preventive, long-term usage dose of acetyl-L-carnitine is 100-400 mg.
Acai berry extract is derived from the deep purple, grape-sized fruit of the acai palm which grows in South America. The acai berry has been used traditionally for arthritis and heart disease, and for improving general health. The pulp of the acai berry is rich in antioxidants that may protect cells from damage associated with aging, disease, and environmental toxins. Research has shown that acai berries have more antioxidant power than cranberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, or blueberries.
Studies have shown 400-800 mg per day of acai berry extract to be effective.
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is the major fatty acid in fish oil that helps protect brains against dementia and Alzheimer's disease. DHA is used during the first four months of life to enhance mental development. Evidence shows DHA is also helpful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, macular degeneration, and depression. In combination with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA is also used for a variety of heart conditions, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung diseases, and lupus. EPA and DHA are also used in combination for migraine headaches, skin problems, Raynaud's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder, and ulcerative colitis.
DHA is usually administered with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in fish oil. A wide range of dosages has been used. A typical dose is 100-300 mg of DHA.
Curcumin is concentrated in the yellow curry spice, turmeric. As an extract in supplements, curcumin is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. In clinical research, curcumin shows promise as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and may help explain why the curry-eating population of India has an extremely low rate of Alzheimer's.
Research suggests that 10-200 mg of curcumin per day is effective.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant and energy booster within all cells, particularly in the heart and brain. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) helps cells make ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the fuel for all cell activity and thus, all life. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels decline dramatically with age, and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is also depleted by the use of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs. Low levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are associated with muscle pain and weakness, and a higher risk of congestive heart failure, heart attacks, chest pain, chronic inflammation and high blood pressure.
Research suggests that 10-400 mg of CoQ10 is effective.
Copper is an essential trace mineral, involved in the body’s production of proteins that help maintain structure and elasticity in the skin and blood vessels. Copper is also involved in the production of red blood cells, antioxidants, energy, and neurotransmitters. Supplemental copper is used primarily for the prevention of heart disease and the treatment of osteoarthritis. There is evidence that taking copper in combination with zinc, manganese, and calcium might slow bone loss in postmenopausal women. Copper deficiencies have been linked with aneurysm (the bulging or rupture of blood vessels). Copper deficiencies are rare, but have been found in people taking high doses of zinc. Too much copper can be toxic.
The estimated safe and adequate intake of copper for adults is 1.5-3 mg.
Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in blood sugar metabolism. Chromium may improve blood sugar control in types 1 and 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes, steroid-induced high blood sugar, and reactive hypoglycemia. Some evidence also suggests that chromium might decrease weight gain and fat accumulation, especially in people with type 2 diabetes.
Research suggests all adults should take a 200 mcg of chromium per day.
Cinnamon is a spice that may improve insulin sensitivity by making insulin work better and by mimicking insulin activity. Studies show that supplemental cinnamon may help to reduce fasting blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes. Research also suggests that daily use of a water-soluble extract of cinnamon, Cinnulin, may improve body composition by increasing muscle and reducing fat, while also improving blood sugar levels and reducing insulin resistance.
Research suggests that 250 mg of Cinnulin per day is effective.
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is a major component of fish oil used to reduce inflammation in the body. EPA is used in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for a variety of heart conditions, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung diseases, and lupus. EPA and DHA are also used in combination for migraine headaches, skin problems, Raynaud's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder, and ulcerative colitis. Research shows that increased consumption of EPA-containing fish oil may slightly decrease the risk of death in patients with coronary artery disease, reduce risk for dementia, improve symptoms of recurrent depression, help psoriasis, and lead to a modest improvement in aggressive behavior in people with personality disorders.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is usually administered with DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) as fish oil. A wide range of doses has been used. A typical dose is 1200-500 mg.
Flaxseed contains soluble fiber, which helps lower cholesterol and prevent constipation. Flaxseed contains essential fatty acids that can be converted to heart-healthy, anti-inflammatory omega-3 fats in the body, and lignans, compounds with weak estrogen-like properties. Research shows flaxseed can lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, reduce symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and night sweats, and relieve constipation. Evidence also suggests flaxseed can reduce the risk for hormone-related breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men, and improve kidney function in people with lupus.
Dosages of 30-50 grams a day have been found effective for improving symptoms of menopause, reducing high cholesterol, and improving lupus-related kidney problems.
Folate, or folic acid, is a B vitamin found in foliage plants. Folic acid functions in many body processes, including cell division, energy production, nervous system growth and maintenance, production of neurotransmitters and red blood cells. Folic acid is critically important in suppressing homocysteine, a blood protein linked to heart disease, strokes and dementia. Folic acid also reduces the risk of birth defects and certain cancers. Research suggests getting adequate folic acid can slow age-relate declines in cognitive function.
800 mcg of folic acid daily provides optimal homocysteine reduction.
The leaves of the ginkgo tree have a long history of use in the Orient to prevent memory loss and age-related mental decline. Ginkgo biloba is a strong antioxidant, shown to retard nerve cell degeneration, protect brain cells from neurotoxins, reduce inflammation and improve blood flow. In studies, ginkgo has been shown to improve memory and mood, with few side effects. Ginkgo seems to help both older and younger people, and may also help to relieve depression and stress.
Several studies have shown 120 mg daily to be an optimal dose of ginkgo biloba.
Glucosamine hydrochloride is a combination of an amino acid and sugar. Glucosamine is found in cartilage, the smooth connective tissue in joints. Glucosamine hydrochloride is usually derived from the shells of shrimp, lobsters and crabs - however a brand called ReganaSure is shellfish-free. Glucosamine is needed by the body to form tendons, ligaments, cartilage, synovial fluid, mucous membranes, and structures in the eye, blood vessels, and heart valves. Glucosamine stimulates metabolism of cartilage-forming cells and of joint-lubricating synovial cells in the joint capsule. Evidence suggests that glucosamine can reduce pain in people with mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee.
Several studies have shown 1,500 mg to be an optimal dose of glucosamine hydrochloride.
Grape seed extract is obtained from the seeds of grapes, a by-product of the manufacturing of wine and grape juice. Grape seed extract is rich in flavonoids, the same compounds that give wine and grape juice its health benefits. Grape seed extract flavonoids have a wide variety of benefits, including protection against the oxygen-induced damage and harmful blood clots that can cause heart attacks. Grape seed extract flavonoids can help blood vessels dilate freely, which is why grape seed extract is used for chronic venous insufficiency and to reduce fluid in the legs. Flavonoids can also reduce the risk of allergic reactions and protect against drug and chemical-induced toxicity.
Experts suggest a maintenance dose of 40-80 mg daily of grape seed extract.
Green tea extract is derived from green tea, which has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The most well known active ingredient in green tea is called EGCG. Research suggests that regular consumption of green tea can help prevent a number of types of cancer. Green tea also seems to improve mental performance and help maintain alertness. Some studies also suggest it can help with weight loss.
Studies show that 50-500 mg of green tea extract per day is optimal.
Gymnema is an Ayurvedic herb that may reduce craving for sugar and help regulate blood sugar. Research suggests that gymnema reduces intestinal absorption of sugar and may stimulate the growth of pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Taking a gymnema sylvestre extract in combination with insulin or blood-sugar-lowering drugs can further reduce blood sugar in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. When it is placed in the mouth, gymnema alters the taste of sugar, possibly by blocking sugar receptors on the tongue, so some use it to fight sugar cravings.
Studies have shown 400-800 mg daily of gymnema to be effective.
Lutein is a yellow pigment usually found in combination with zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the two major pigments in the eye’s retina and macula (a spot in the center of the retina responsible for high-acuity vision). They act as antioxidants and as blue light filters, protecting underlying eye tissues from damage from light. Studies suggest that people who consume higher amounts of lutein and zeaxanthin in their diet have a reduced risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of vision loss in older people. Research shows that taking lutein and zeaxanthin supplements can improve symptoms of AMD such as glare recovery and contrast sensitivity. Studies also suggest a reduced risk of developing severe cataracts that require surgical removal in people consuming higher amounts of lutein zeaxanthin in their diet.
Studies show that 10-20 mg of lutein per day is optimal.
Lycopene is the pigment that gives some fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, their red color. Lycopene is also found in watermelons, pink grapefruits, apricots, and pink guavas. Like beta-carotene, lycopene is a carotenoid. However, it has no vitamin A activity. Lycopene is the most potent antioxidant of any carotenoid. Lycopene may reduce cancer risk by preventing oxidative damage to DNA. Studies link high intakes of lycopene with decreased risk for lung, prostate and ovarian cancer.
Experts recommend 5-10 mg of lycopene a day.
Madeglucyl is a patented product derived from the seeds of the edible plant, Eugenia jambolana, long used in Eastern medicine. Madeglucyl has a history of use for the treatment of diabetes. In clinical studies, Madeglucyl helps reduce blood sugar levels without causing low blood sugar.
Madeglucyl has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels at dosages of 1,000-3,000 mg per day.
Magnesium is a mineral involved in more than 300 different reactions in the body. Magnesium is especially important for energy metabolism, blood pressure regulation, normal heartbeat, nerve signaling, and bone metabolism. Processed foods often lack magnesium, making magnesium one of the nutrients lacking in many diets. Studies show magnesium is effective for certain types of heart arrhythmia, asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome, angina, and cluster headaches. Magnesium levels tend to be low in people with poorly-controlled diabetes, and research suggests that supplemental magnesium improves insulin sensitivity.
Experts recommend supplementing with a dosage of magnesium in the range of 250-400 mg per day.
Manganese is an essential trace mineral that helps maintain healthy bones and cartilage. Manganese is also is needed to make a powerful natural antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, which helps protect the body from chemical and radiation damage. Manganese is included in most multi-vitamin-mineral formulas and in some osteoporosis formulas. Evidence suggests that manganese, along with calcium, zinc, and copper, seems to help reduce spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women.
For osteoporosis, 2-4 mg combined with 1000 mg elemental calcium, 15 mg zinc, and 2 mg copper has been used.
MSM is a naturally-occurring compound found in green plants, grains, and milk. MSM is made from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and contributes sulfur to some proteins. MSM is primarily used for osteoarthritis, alone or in combination with glucosamine. Research suggests that a MSM-glucosamine combination can reduce some symptoms of osteoarthritis such as pain and swelling, and improve joint function.
Studies have shown 1,500 mg daily of MSM to be optimal.
Niacin is a B vitamin involved in energy production and other important chemical reactions in the body. A niacin deficiency affects the whole body, including the skin, intestines and brain. Niacin deficiencies are uncommon, since niacin is present in many foods. Niacin can be used therapeutically, in large doses, under medical supervision, to raise HDL cholesterol and lower triglycerides.
Experts recommend 15-25 mg of niacin daily.
Omega-3 fatty acids are a family of fatty acids that include alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosaptenaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA seems to be especially useful for reducing inflammation in the body, while DHA works more in the brain. Both are used in combination to treat or prevent a variety of health problems, including heart conditions, depression, attention-deficit and bipolar disorders, macular degeneration, dementia, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung and skin diseases, and autoimmune disorders. ALA is usually present along with EPA and DHA and has its own anti-inflammatory activity.
Experts recommend a daily minimum of 500-800 mg of omega-3 fatty acids.
Pantothenic acid is a B vitamin essential for the body’s use of carbohydrates, proteins and fat, and in the production of hormones, neurotransmitters and epithelial cells (cells lining surface areas). A pantothenic acid deficiency may result in fatigue, headache, numbness and weakness in legs, and heart and intestinal changes. Pantothenic acid is found in most multi-vitamins, but amounts vary greatly.
While the RDA for pantothenic acid is 5 mg, research has shown 25-50 mg to be extremely effective.
Paractin is a patented, standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata, an herb used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine, mostly to treat colds and flu. Paractin is reported to have several active ingredients that help control inflammation by regulating the production of inflammation-producing biochemicals by immune cells. Paractin is thought to be a “natural COX-2 inhibitor” that may provide benefits for people with arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and other inflammatory conditions, without the side effects of drugs.
Research has shown 250 mg daily of Paractin to be effective.
Phytosterols are plant-based compounds similar to cholesterol that can interfere with cholesterol absorption and production in the body. Beta-sitosterol is a phytosterol commonly added to margarines as a cholesterol-reducing aid. Studies show phytosterols significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (bad cholesterol), but have little or no effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (good cholesterol). Research also suggests that beta-sitosterol may also have some anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulating properties.
Research has shown 200-800 mg of phytosterols to be effective.
Policosanol is a mixture of waxy alcohols derived from a variety of plant sources including sugar cane and wheat germ oil. Some research suggests that policosanol can lower total cholesterol by 9-29% by inhibiting the liver’s production of cholesterol and by increasing the breakdown of LDL cholesterol. Research also shows that policosanol helps to reduce harmful blood-clotting that can lead to heart attacks.
For high cholesterol 10-20 mg daily of Policosanol has been shown to be effective.
Pomegranate is a unique, deep-red fruit with leathery skin and many small seeds, native to Iran. Pomegranate has been used for millennia to treat a wide variety of diseases. Pomegranate juice contains more polyphenols than red wine, green tea, blueberry, cranberry, or orange juice. Pomegranate polyphenols have antioxidant activity that can be as much as three times higher than red wine or green tea. Research suggests that pomegranate juice may slow the progression of heart disease, reduce blood pressure, help regulate blood sugar, reduce cholesterol, slow the progression of osteoarthritis, and even have some anti-cancer properties.
Research has shown 250 mg of pomegranate fruit extract to be effective.
Pygeum is an evergreen tree found in the mountains of central and southern Africa. Research shows that pygeum contains three types of compounds that effectively relieve the symptoms of prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia).
For relief of BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia), 100 mg per day of pygeum has been proven effective.
Riboflavin is an essential B vitamin, required for oxygen use and energy production. Riboflavin is also involved in red blood cell production and helps the body to produce an important natural antioxidant, glutathione. A riboflavin deficiency may result in cracks around the mouth, burning tongue, and skin changes. A riboflavin deficiency can occur in people with long-standing infections such as HIV, liver disease, alcoholism, and cancer. Riboflavin is thought to play a role in cataract prevention. High dietary intake of riboflavin is associated with a reduced risk of cataracts.
Research has shown up to 30 mg per day of riboflavin to be beneficial.
Saw palmetto extract comes from the berries of a small palm tree. Saw palmetto berries contain oils that help reduce the effects of male hormones on prostate tissue and reduce inflammation, and so, improve symptoms of enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia).
Research has shown 400 mg daily of saw palmetto to be effective for BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia).
Selenium is a trace mineral, essential in small amounts for good health. Selenium activates glutath |
