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Multi Nutrient PLUS with Eye Support PowerPak |
We believe that there are three essential supplements that everyone should take for the best anti-aging protection we know of, based on scientific research and over 10 years of experience selling supplements. This includes an potent multi-vitamin, a fish oil with high omega-3 content and high antioxidant green tea extract. Research has shown that each of three supplements provide a vast array of health benefits that will shield you from the effects of aging, keep your heart strong, your mind sharp, your appearance youthful and your energy levels at all-time highs. That is why we have combined our Multi Nutrient Formula PLUS with Eye Support, Omega-T Fish Oil and High Antioxidant Green Tea Extract into an Anti-Aging PowerPak at a dramatically discounted price. With the PowerPak, you can save up to $300 per year when compared to purchasing each product individually each month. |
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Did you know you can save $3.30 per bottle by upgrading to 3 bottles
or save $11.63 per bottle by upgrading to 6 bottles?
Did you know you can save $25.00 by upgrading to our Auto-Ship Plan
PLUS Receive a FREE Pill Box and Healthy Eating Guide!
Did you know you can save $50.00 by upgrading to our Auto-Ship Plan PLUS Receive a FREE Pill Box and Healthy Eating Guide!
COMPARE ALL OF OUR MULTI-VITAMINS
MULTI NUTRIENT ANTI-AGING POWERPAK:
Triple-Strike Strategy Against Aging at Our Lowest Prices Ever
Save up to $300 a Year*
A note from Jean Carper
People ask me all the time: What supplements should I take to protect against premature aging and the illnesses that come with it?
I firmly believe you can rev up your anti-aging defenses dramatically with three powerful supplements that together provide an incredible umbrella of protection not afforded by any alone.
That's why I have put them all together in my new Anti-Aging PowerPak - at a dramatically discounted price.
Here are the 3 essential supplements that I highly recommend to everyone who desires to age slowly and stay as healthy as possible, especially after age 40.
- Multi Nutrient Formula PLUS with Eye Support: A potent multi-vitamin-mineral antioxidant formula with optimal doses of 31 anti-aging nutrients, as proved by scientific research. One daily dose equals the antioxidant capacity of 10 servings of fruits and vegetables. This powerful multi is the most fundamental insurance to drive back the biological forces of aging.
Learn More about Multi Nutrient PLUS with Eye Support
- Ultra Potent Omega-T Fish Oil: A potent, high quality fish oil capsule that fortifies your cells with the extra-strength levels of omega-3 fatty acids needed to keep your memory, brain and heart functioning optimally. Our Omega-T comes from the highest quality, norwegian salmon that is certified to be contanimant free by an indepenent organization.
Learn More about Omega-T Fish Oil
- High Antioxidant Green Tea Extract: A very potent dose of Green Tea Extract (decaffeinated) that contains 70% EGCG, a unique antioxidant found in green tea. Remarkable new research shows that EGCG boosts overall health and appears to have exceptionally strong and broad anti-cancer powers. It also has been proven to help you lose weight by burning up to 5% more calories per day.
Learn More about our Green Tea Extract
*Savings calculation based on a one year supply of the 1-bottle price of each of these supplements combined compared to a one year supply of the 6-bottle Auto-Ship price of the PowerPack. Current Auto-Ship customers would save $100 per year by upgrading because of their already discounted pricing.
Note: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
 MULTI NUTRIENT FORMULA PLUS with EYE SUPPORT SUPPLEMENT FACTS:
1 bottle: 180 tablets
Serving size: 6 tablets
Servings per bottle: 30 (1 month supply)
*Daily Value not established
Other ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, stearic acid, croscarmellose sodium, silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, polydextrose, titanium dioxide, talc, maltodextrin, medium chain triglycerides, FD&C blue #2, FD&C red #40.
Note: Iron is not included in this formula because of its pro-oxidant properties.
Free of corn, milk, yeast, wheat, gluten, sugar, preservatives, and animal products.
Quality Pledge: Made in the USA in a FDA inspected facility to cGMP Pharmaceutical Grade Standards. Manufactured to meet the stringent standards of US Pharmacopeia (USP) for quality, purity, potency and disintegration.
Directions: 6 capsules/tablets daily as a dietary supplement. 3 in the morning and 3 in the evening, preferably soon before or after eating food for maximum absorption.
Warnings: For adults only. If you are on medications, pregnant or nursing a baby, consult a health care physician prior to taking any supplement.
OMEGA-T FISH OIL SUPPLEMENT FACTS:
1 bottle: 60 softgels
Serving size: 2 softgels
Servings per container: 30 (1 month supply)
| Supplement |
Amount per serving |
% Daily value |
| Calories |
13 |
|
| Calories from fat |
13 |
|
| Total Fat |
1.4 g |
2% |
| Cholesterol |
0 mg |
|
| Fish oil |
1400 mg |
* |
| Vitamin E (as d-alpha tocopherol) |
33.3 IU |
111% |
|
containting omega-3 fatty acids (as natural triglycerides) supplying
|
840 mg |
* |
| EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) |
420 mg |
* |
| DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) |
280 mg |
* |
| Other Omega-3 fatty acids |
140 mg |
* |
| Total tocopherols, natural |
200 mg |
* |
| Total tocotrienols, natural |
28 mg |
* |
| Coenzyme Q10 |
20 mg |
* |
*Daily Value not established
Other ingredients: Gelatin, glycerin, water, natural caramel color.
Free of corn, milk, yeast, wheat, sugar, and preservatives.
Quality Pledge: Made in the USA in an FDA inspected facility to cGMP Pharmaceutical Grade Standards. Manufactured to meet the stringent standards of US Pharmacopeia (USP) for quality, purity, potency and disintegration.
Directions: Adults take two sotfgels daily as a dietary supplement.
Precautions: For adults only. If you are taking medications consult a health professional before taking this supplement. Do not take if you have any bleeding problems or are pregnant or lactating.
 HIGH ANTIOXIDANT GREEN TEA SUPPLEMENT FACTS:
1 bottle (30 vegetarian capsules)
Serving size: 1 capsule
Servings per container: 30
| Supplement |
Amount per serving |
% Daily value |
Green Tea
(Camellia sinensis, leaf)
(standardized to 98% polyphenols, 80% catechins and 70% EGCG ) |
450 mg |
* |
*Daily Value not established
Other ingredients: Cellulose, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide.
Free of corn, milk, yeast, wheat, sugar, animal products, artificial colors and preservatives.
Quality Pledge: Made in the USA in an FDA inspected facility to cGMP Pharmaceutical Grade Standards. Manufactured to meet the stringent standards of US Pharmacopeia (USP) for quality, purity, potency and disintegration.
Directions: Adults. take one or two capsules daily, as a dietary supplement.
Warnings: If pregnant, nursing or taking a prescription drug, consult health care practitioner prior to use.
Alpha lipoic acid
Alpha lipoic acid is exceptionally potent, ranking above vitamin E and vitamin C in antioxidant activity. It has unique abilities to enter the brain, and help rev up mental and physical energy. It shows promise in helping prevent and repair degeneration of brain cells in elderly animals and to slow progression of neurogenerative diseases in humans, such as Alzheimer's.
Dr. Lester Packer, University of Southern California, calls alpha lipoic acid a "universal" antioxidant that offers protection aainst an aging brain, declining memory, strokes, heart disease, cancer and cataracts. In high doses (200-600 milligrams daily), alpha lipoic acid is used to prevent and lessen the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.
Alpha lipoic acid works best as an anti-aging agent as part of a network of other antioxidants, such as vitamin E, C and coenzyme Q10, as combined in a multi-nutrient supplement.
Calcium
Many Americans don't get enough calcium. On the other hand, some older people overdo calcium supplements believing it's a magic bullet against fragile bones, fractures and osteoporosis. Calcium is important in building and maintaining strong bones, but is only one of several nutrients involved; vitamin D, the B vitamins and magnesium are also important in bone density.
Calcium need not be excessive to be effective. In a major Tufts study, taking only 500 mg calcium and 700 IU vitamin D daily cut the risk of nonvetebral fractures in older men and women by 42 percent. Vitamin D enhances calcium activity.
It's not necessary to take 1200-1500 milligrams of calcium supplements daily, as often recommended, says Katherine Tucker, Friedman School of Nutrition at Tufts. "A 700--800 milligram daily supplement is usually enough." You typically get 500-600 milligrams of calcium daily from foods, so it adds up. And more is not better, according to research.
Chromium
You need chromium, a trace mineral, to properly burn carbohydrates and fats. Chromium boosts the activity of insulin, and a lack of chromium promotes insulin resistance and high blood sugar that may trigger type 2 diabetes. Much research shows that taking chromium can help prevent diabetes onset and even reverse diabetic symptoms by normalizing insulin, says Richard Anderson, PhD., US Department of Agriculture, who has extensively studied chromium. He advises taking 200 micrograms of chromium daily to help prevent high insulin, blood sugar and diabetes, especially if you are borderline diabetic.
Chromium also fights diabetes symptoms, such as thirst and fatigue, studies show. Recent Israeli research showed that 200 mcg chromium picolinate twice a day for three weeks reduced diabetics' blood glucose by 26 percent and cholesterol by 9 percent.
No safety concerns: Reports that chromium picolinate is hazardous are untrue. After extensive study, it has been declared safe by experts worldwide, and cleared of any suspicion of harm. Ten years ago, some charged that chromium picolinate caused chromosome breaks in test tubes, and thus, could lead to cancer. After an extensive investigation, the Institute of Medicine/ National Academy of Sciences in 2004 dismissed such chromosome studies as meaningless, and, citing wide safety evidence, declared chromium picolinate "free of concern regarding its safety or toxicity" at commonly used doses. It is now considered GRAS--generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration.
Curcumin
Curcurmin is concentrated in the yellow curry spice, turmeric. As an extract in supplements, curcumin is a potent antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer agent. It shows promise as an antidote to Alzheimer's, say researchers. In UCLA tests, curcumin slashed the build-up of Alzheimer's-like toxic plaque (amyloid beta) in the brains of rats by 50 percent, and also blocked memory loss in middle-aged rats. Curcumin may help explain why the curry-eating population of India has an extremely low rate of Alzheimer's, say scientists. The average Indian eats about 200 milligrams of curcumin daily; an equivalent dose protected the brains of UCLA rats.
Curcumin also has strong anticancer activity. It blocks proliferation of human cancer cells and induces them to commit suicide, say researchers at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. This occurs when curcumin is mixed with head and neck cancer cells, prostate cancer cells, breast cancer cells and liver cancer cells. At the same time, curcumin does not harm non-malignant cells. Curcumin works by switching off genes that trigger inflammation and replication of cancer cells, say researchers.
Folic acid
Folic acid, a B vitamin, is critically important, especially in suppressing homocysteine, a blood protein, linked to heart disease, strokes and dementia. The vitamin also reduces the risk of birth defects and certain cancers.
The right dose? 800 micrograms, even though typical multis have half that--400 mcg. However, 800 mcg is the optimal dose needed to control homocysteine, say British researchers in the Archives of Internal Medicine. They tested daily doses of 200, 400, 800 or 1,000 micrograms of folic acid--or a placebo--on heart patients for three months.
All doses worked, but 800 mcg caused the most dramatic drop--23 percent, expected to reduce heart disease 15 percent. Upping the dose to 1000 mcg daily was no more effective.
Alzheimer's and folic acid: A dramatic new double-blind Dutch study shows that taking 800 mcg of folic acid daily slowed expected age-related memory decline by more than five years! On tests of cognitive functioning, the folic-acid takers scored astonishingly better on tests, showing their memory was as good as someone 5.4 years younger. Blood levels of homocysteine decreased about 25 percent, suggesting that may be a major way folic acid stalls brain aging. (Alzheimer's Association conference, Washington, D.C.,June 21, 2005)
Folic acid vs. cancer: Much research ties low levels of folic acid to various cancers. Indeed, taking multi-vitamins with folic acid (about 400 mcg) for 15 years cut colon cancer risk an astonishing 75 percent in 88,000 female nurses in a Harvard study. Foods high in folate did not cut cancer risk.
Drinking alcohol boosts risk of breast cancer, but not if you get 600 mcg or more of folic acid daily, says Harvard's Walter Willett. The extra folic acid cancels the added risk, he says.
How safe? Taking more than 1,000 micrograms a day could mask a B12 deficiency. So if you take lots of folic acid, it is also advisable to take high B12 to prevent any possible deficiencies.
Lutein
Lutein is a yellow pigment and antioxidant concentrated in leafy greens, mainly kale, collard greens, and spinach. As a supplement, lutein has been shown to help slow down and possibly repair damage from macular degeneration, an age-related cause of vision loss. Lutein also seems to reduce the odds of cataracts (opacity of the lens) by 20 to 50 percent, according to several studies.
And maybe cancer, too. In animals, lutein slowed the growth of breast tumors, and in test tubes, caused the death of cancer cells. Researchers speculate lutein switches off carcinogenic activity and boosts immune functioning.
Also clogged arteries. Mice given lutein had about 43 percent less artery damage. Signs of atherosclerosis in the carotid (neck) arteries was also much less in middle-aged men and women with high blood levels of lutein, in other research.
Lutein may even help block osteoarthritis. Researchers at the National Institutes of Health discovered that individuals with the highest blood lutein were about 70 percent less likely to have osteoarthritis of the knee.
Consumer Alert: Don't be fooled by products that advertise lutein but contain infinitesimal amounts. Centrum contains only 250 micrograms, when experts say 6,000 to 10,000 micrograms (or 6 to 10 milligrams) daily is needed to convey benefits shown in eye studies. That's 25 to 40 times the amount in Centrum.
Lycopene
Lycopene, a red pigment concentrated in tomatoes, is a strong antioxidant that protects cells from all kinds of age-related damage, including cancer, cataracts and heart disease. Both eating tomatoes and taking lycopene directly in a supplement appear to convey protection.
Men who eat lots of tomatoes have lower rates of prostate cancer. In one study, patients with localized prostate cancer who took 15 milligrams of lycopene a day cut their odds of progressing to high-grade cancer by 33 percent. Another Indian study suggests that only 4 milligrams daily of lycopene might help shrink prostate tumors.
So promising is lycopene as an anti-cancer agent that the National Cancer Institute is conducting two studies to investigate the efficacy and safety of lycopene in preventing and treating prostate cancer.
Consumer Alert: Centrum contains a mere 300 micrograms of lycopene. That's the amount in about 1/3 of a teaspoon of tomato sauce, or 1/36 of a medium size tomato--in other words, a small bite. (Stop Aging Now! Multi-Nutrient Formula has 5000 micrograms of lycopene--16 times more than that in Centrum.)
Magnesium
A lack of magnesium underlies our epidemic of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and osteoporosis, declares Lawrence Resnick, M.D. professor of medicine at Cornell Medical Center. Without enough magnesium, hearts beat irregularly, arteries stiffen, constrict and clog, blood pressure rises, blood tends to clot, muscles go into spasms, insulin grows weaker, blood sugar jumps, bones lose strength, and even pain signals intensify.
"Diabetes is a magnesium deficiency state." says Jerry Nadler, M.D., University of Virginia School of Medicine. He says magnesium supplements can improve insulin activity, thus, may cut the risk and complications of diabetes. Some specialists advise diabetics to routinely take 400 mg magnesium daily.
"Many people needlessly suffer pain--including fibromyalgia, migraines and muscle cramps--because they don't get enough magnesium," says Mildred Seelig, M.D., a leading magnesium researcher and adjunct professor, University of North Carolina. She recommends 200-400 milligrams daily of a magnesium supplement.
Also experts say magnesium can help provide a good night's sleep and relief from leg cramps, chronic low back pain, restless legs syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
You need extra magnesium if you drink alcohol, take diuretics or high doses of calcium. They all deplete magnesium.
Possible side effects: diarrhea or loose stools. But the body usually adapts, or you can cut back, so "it's no big deal," says Seelig. Avoid magnesium supplements if you have kidney disease, she advises.
Niacin
Niacin joins other B vitamins (B12, B6 and folic acid) as a protector of the brain against Alzheimer's disease and age-related mental decline in general, according to a major new study by Chicago's Rush Institute for Healthy Aging. Older men and women who ate the most niacin in foods (about 22 milligrams daily) were 80 percent less apt to develop Alzheimer's and 44 percent less likely to suffer cognitive decline than those who ate the least: about 14 mg niacin daily.
A severe deficiency of niacin is well known to cause pellagra, a condition characterized by dementia.
Pantothenic Acid (B5)
This B vitamin is necessary to carry out many chemical reactions vital to life. This includes the synthesis of essential fats, cholesterol and the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, that is critical for encoding memory, and is lowered in the brains of Alzheimer's patients.
Deficiencies are rare, doses needed for optimal health are unknown, but pantothenic acid, even in very high doses, is not thought to be toxic. It makes sense to include pantothenic acid in a multi-nutrient formula.
Selenium
Selenium is a trace mineral with strong evidence that it helps prevent certain cancers. A blockbuster controlled double-blind study in 1997 showed that taking 200 micrograms of selenium (selenomethionine) daily for five years reduced overall cancer rate by 42 percent and cancer deaths by 52 percent. In the study by Dr. Larry Clark, University of Arizona, selenium was particularly potent against colorectal cancer--reducing risk 64 percent--and prostate cancer--reducing risk 69 percent.
The National Institutes of Health is conducting a test of selenium on men at high risk of prostate cancer to determine the extent of its protection.
Running low on selenium also exposes you to more virulent viruses leading to infections, say U.S. Department of Agriculture researchers.
Selenium can be toxic, so limit doses to 200 mcg daily.
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Thiamin is one of the B-complex vitamins with a critical enzymatic role in energy production within the mitochondria (energy factories) of all cells. Both nerve and muscle cells have high concentrations of thiamin, thus shortages affect nervous, cardiovascular and muscular systems. Severe deficiencies may result in brain cell damage, dementia and poor motor coordination. In fact, studies show deficiencies of a form of thiamin in the brains of Alzheimer's patients.
Thus, it's smart to get sufficient thiamin to help protect your brain against development of Alzheimer's. But there is no good evidence that high doses of thiamin can reverse the symptoms of Alzheimer's or delay its progression.
Thiamin is considered very safe with no known toxic effects in humans at doses up to 200 milligrams a day.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B is essential for keeping the nervous system functioning into old age. Deficiencies of B12 have caused symptoms similar to those of Alzheimer's, including dementia. Yet, deficiencies of B12 are widespread in the United States, especially among older people, suggesting that some cognitive decline and dementia may be due to a B12 deficiency. It's well established that high doses of B12 are needed to suppress homocysteine, a blood toxin, linked to dementia and Alzheimer's, as well as heart disease.
How much B12? The daily oral dose needed to correct a deficiency is 500 micrograms B12, concludes a 2005 study in the Archives of Internal Medicine. Dutch researchers gave various oral doses of B12 (2.5, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 micrograms) to 120 people age 70 and older for four months. The lowest dose at which B12 was most effective in correcting deficiencies was 500 mcg daily. Taking 1000 mcg was no more effective.
Vitamin D
Millions of Americans are deficient in vitamin D, but don't know it, says Michael F. Holick, M.D., director of the Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory at Boston University Medical Center. This deficiency leads to many "debilitating chronic diseases," he says.
Some surprising connections:
Arthritis, fibromyalgia, muscle weakness and aching bones are often signs of vitamin D deficiency, says Dr. Holick. Harvard researchers found that women who took at least 400 IU of vitamin D supplements daily had a one-third lower risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Cancer: Consuming more than 645 IU vitamin D daily cut the risk of colon polyps, that can lead to cancer by 40 percent in a large Veterans Affairs study. Vitamin D also slows growth of breast, colon, lung, prostate and pancreatic cancer cells in test tubes, studies show.
Heart Disease: Raising vitamin D blood levels lowered blood pressure as much as medication does, Holick found. In Dutch women, taking vitamin D supplements prevented loss of elasticity in arteries.
Osteoporosis: Vitamin D beat calcium in preventing bone fractures in a Harvard study. Consuming 500 IU of vitamin D daily (compared with 140 IU) cut women's risk of a broken hip 37%. Calcium alone showed no protection. Low vitamin D reduces absorption of calcium, and drains it from bones, making them fragile.
Multiple Sclerosis: Women who took 400 IU or more vitamin D in supplements and ate vitamin-D-rich food were 50 percent less apt to develop multiple sclerosis, compared with women getting little vitamin D in Harvard studies.
Vitamin E
Despite some recent reports questioning the safety and effectiveness of vitamin E, experts declare vitamin E safe and beneficial. Dr. Maret Trabor, a noted worldwide expert on vitamin E safety at Oregon State University, says there is no evidence whatsoever in animals or humans that taking up to 800 IU vitamin E daily has caused any harm of any type. When asked should people continue to take vitamin E, she says, "Absolutely yes."
The confusion comes from biased statistical analyses that included only studies on elderly sick people, not healthy people, and excluded studies showing vitamin to be effective and safe, says Dr. Trabor.
Indeed impeccable new research thoroughly contradicts claims that vitamin E is unsafe and ineffective.
Deaths Down: The largest longest clinical study ever done on vitamin E found it utterly safe with dramatic lifesaving benefits. In the National Institutes of Health study, 40,000 healthy women, took 600 IU of vitamin E or a placebo every other day for ten years. During that entire time, no evidence of harm from vitamin E emerged. Indeed the vitamin E cut the women's odds of heart-related deaths, including cardiac arrest, by an "unexpected" 24 percent, reported Harvard investigator Julie Buring in March, 2005.
Long-time use of vitamin E also cut risk of ALS (Lou Gehrig's) deaths 62 percent and of prostate cancer 50 percent. E also helped fight Alzheimer's, cataracts, macular degeneration, infections, including colds and flu, and low immunity in other current research.
Experts say vitamin E is not a magic bullet alone and they advise taking several antioxidants together, such as vitamin E, C, alpha lipoic acid and coenzyme Q10, because they all work as a network to keep you healthy. However, worries that vitamin E is harmful at doses of 400-800 IU are groundless. The Institute of Medicine/National Academy of Sciences sets the upper safe limit for vitamin E at 1500 IU daily.
Note: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Fish Oil Can Save Your VisionJuly 10, 2008 Omega-3 fatty acids protect your retina and cornea. READ MORE 
Prevent Cataracts with AntioxidantsJune 2, 2008 Antioxidants may prevent or slow cataract formation. READ MORE
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Vision and Hearing Impairments Can Affect Your Mind January 9, 2008 9 ways to protect yourself and live a better life READ MORE
The Best Protection for Your Eyes as You Age January 7, 2008 More research shows that natural ingredients such as lutein and zeaxanthin protect your vision as you age. READ MORE
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PRODUCT FAST FACTS
- Our 3 most powerful anti-aging supplements at a dramatically discounted price
- Includes our Multi Nutrient Formula PLUS with Eye Support, Omega-T Fish Oil & Green Tea Extract
- Your best possible umbrella of protection to ward off the effects of aging and feel great
- Made in the USA in a FDA inspected facility
ACCORDING TO JEAN CARPER
A Garlic bulb is packed with at least 400 chemicals, including many antioxidants, which give it potent activity in guarding cells from damage and your entire body from premature aging. This quote is an excerpt from Jean Carper's book Stop Aging Now |
Chondroitin is a major component of cartilage. Supplemental chondroitin sulfate is derived from natural animal sources including shark and cow cartilage. Chondroitin may play a positive role osteoarthritis, because it may preserve joint cartilage. Chondroitin is frequently used in combination with glucosamine. Overall, evidence suggests that some people with osteoarthritis of the knee benefit from taking chondroitin.
Studies have shown 1,200 mg of chondroitin sulfate in combination with 1,500 mg of glucosamine hydrochloride per day to be effective.
Boron is a trace mineral which is used as a dietary supplement for promoting bone and joint health, building muscles and increasing testosterone levels, and enhancing cognitive function and fine motor skills. Boron seems to be important in mineral metabolism and cell membrane function. Research suggests that supplemental boron may increase serum estrogen levels in postmenopausal women.
Studies have shown that taking up to 3 mg of boron daily via supplements is safe.
Research has shown that calcium can play a positive role in osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), leg cramps associated with pregnancy, colorectal cancer, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Calcium can also be used as an antacid. It is estimated that 30 years of continuous calcium supplementation among post-menopausal women might result in a 10% improvement in bone mineral density, and a 50% overall reduction in fracture rates, as compared with women who do not take calcium supplements.
Studies have demonstrated the safety of supplementing with up to 2000 mg of calcium daily.
Black cohosh is used as a medicinal herb to reduce symptoms of menopause, including hot flashes. There is evidence to suggest that black cohosh may be comparable to a low-dose estrogen skin patch for relieving hot flashes. Black cohosh may have some estrogen-like effects, but black cohosh does not appear to affect endometrial tissue or hormone levels. Black cohosh may work by affecting the pituitary gland.
Studies have shown 80-250 mg of black cohosh per day to be effective.
Biotin is a B vitamin involved in the production of fats and proteins. Biotin can be manufactured in the intestines by bacteria. People deficient in biotin may experience symptoms including loss of appetite, nausea, dry skin with scaling, and seborrhea (a chronic inflammatory skin condition with flaking, especially around the nose, eyebrows and hairline). Cradle cap in infants may indicate a biotin deficiency.
Studies have shown 30-300 mcg of biotin per day to be effective.
Phase 2®, or phaseolamin, or is a non-stimulant, natural substance derived from white kidney beans. Phase 2® may act as a "carb blocker" in the body by interfering with the digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates for absorption. Phase 2® also contains fiber, which can bind with fats to reduce fat absorption.
Studies have shown 1,500 mg of Phase 2® per day to be effective.
Alpha lipoic acid occurs naturally in the body. Alpha lipoic acid was originally thought to be a vitamin, but alpha lipoic acid was reclassified upon the discovery that it is created in the bodies of humans and animals. Alpha lipoic acid is involved in the production of energy from carbohydrates. Alpha lipoic acid may improve insulin resistance and glucose use. Research shows that alpha lipoic acid may also be also useful in the treatment of nerve and eye damage. Alpha lipoic acid has been used for dementia, chronic fatigue syndrome, HIV/AIDS, cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and Lyme disease. Alpha lipoic acid may also enhance the antioxidant action of vitamin E, vitamin C, and glutathione, and prevent oxidative damage to nerves and the brain.
Studies have shown 50-100 mg of alpha lipoic acid per day to be effective.
Acetyl-L-carnitine occurs naturally in the body and is also found in animal products, primarily red meat. Acetyl-L-carnitine helps the body burn fat for energy. Acetyl-L-carnitine also improves the body’s production of an important neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, and may reduce oxidative damage in the brain. Several studies have shown that there may be some positive effects of acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation in Alzheimer's patients. Other research suggests that acetyl-L-carnitine may help slow age-related mental decline, protect the brain after a stroke, and improve blood flow to the brain. Acetyl-L-carnitine might also be effective in the treatment of diabetic and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy and in the regeneration of nerves in the arms and legs.
A preventive, long-term usage dose of acetyl-L-carnitine is 100-400 mg.
Acai berry extract is derived from the deep purple, grape-sized fruit of the acai palm which grows in South America. The acai berry has been used traditionally for arthritis and heart disease, and for improving general health. The pulp of the acai berry is rich in antioxidants that may protect cells from damage associated with aging, disease, and environmental toxins. Research has shown that acai berries have more antioxidant power than cranberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, or blueberries.
Studies have shown 400-800 mg per day of acai berry extract to be effective.
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is the major fatty acid in fish oil that helps protect brains against dementia and Alzheimer's disease. DHA is used during the first four months of life to enhance mental development. Evidence shows DHA is also helpful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, macular degeneration, and depression. In combination with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA is also used for a variety of heart conditions, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung diseases, and lupus. EPA and DHA are also used in combination for migraine headaches, skin problems, Raynaud's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder, and ulcerative colitis.
DHA is usually administered with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in fish oil. A wide range of dosages has been used. A typical dose is 100-300 mg of DHA.
Curcumin is concentrated in the yellow curry spice, turmeric. As an extract in supplements, curcumin is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. In clinical research, curcumin shows promise as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and may help explain why the curry-eating population of India has an extremely low rate of Alzheimer's.
Research suggests that 10-200 mg of curcumin per day is effective.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant and energy booster within all cells, particularly in the heart and brain. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) helps cells make ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the fuel for all cell activity and thus, all life. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels decline dramatically with age, and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is also depleted by the use of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs. Low levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are associated with muscle pain and weakness, and a higher risk of congestive heart failure, heart attacks, chest pain, chronic inflammation and high blood pressure.
Research suggests that 10-400 mg of CoQ10 is effective.
Copper is an essential trace mineral, involved in the body’s production of proteins that help maintain structure and elasticity in the skin and blood vessels. Copper is also involved in the production of red blood cells, antioxidants, energy, and neurotransmitters. Supplemental copper is used primarily for the prevention of heart disease and the treatment of osteoarthritis. There is evidence that taking copper in combination with zinc, manganese, and calcium might slow bone loss in postmenopausal women. Copper deficiencies have been linked with aneurysm (the bulging or rupture of blood vessels). Copper deficiencies are rare, but have been found in people taking high doses of zinc. Too much copper can be toxic.
The estimated safe and adequate intake of copper for adults is 1.5-3 mg.
Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in blood sugar metabolism. Chromium may improve blood sugar control in types 1 and 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes, steroid-induced high blood sugar, and reactive hypoglycemia. Some evidence also suggests that chromium might decrease weight gain and fat accumulation, especially in people with type 2 diabetes.
Research suggests all adults should take a 200 mcg of chromium per day.
Cinnamon is a spice that may improve insulin sensitivity by making insulin work better and by mimicking insulin activity. Studies show that supplemental cinnamon may help to reduce fasting blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes. Research also suggests that daily use of a water-soluble extract of cinnamon, Cinnulin, may improve body composition by increasing muscle and reducing fat, while also improving blood sugar levels and reducing insulin resistance.
Research suggests that 250 mg of Cinnulin per day is effective.
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is a major component of fish oil used to reduce inflammation in the body. EPA is used in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for a variety of heart conditions, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung diseases, and lupus. EPA and DHA are also used in combination for migraine headaches, skin problems, Raynaud's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder, and ulcerative colitis. Research shows that increased consumption of EPA-containing fish oil may slightly decrease the risk of death in patients with coronary artery disease, reduce risk for dementia, improve symptoms of recurrent depression, help psoriasis, and lead to a modest improvement in aggressive behavior in people with personality disorders.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is usually administered with DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) as fish oil. A wide range of doses has been used. A typical dose is 1200-500 mg.
Flaxseed contains soluble fiber, which helps lower cholesterol and prevent constipation. Flaxseed contains essential fatty acids that can be converted to heart-healthy, anti-inflammatory omega-3 fats in the body, and lignans, compounds with weak estrogen-like properties. Research shows flaxseed can lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, reduce symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and night sweats, and relieve constipation. Evidence also suggests flaxseed can reduce the risk for hormone-related breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men, and improve kidney function in people with lupus.
Dosages of 30-50 grams a day have been found effective for improving symptoms of menopause, reducing high cholesterol, and improving lupus-related kidney problems.
Folate, or folic acid, is a B vitamin found in foliage plants. Folic acid functions in many body processes, including cell division, energy production, nervous system growth and maintenance, production of neurotransmitters and red blood cells. Folic acid is critically important in suppressing homocysteine, a blood protein linked to heart disease, strokes and dementia. Folic acid also reduces the risk of birth defects and certain cancers. Research suggests getting adequate folic acid can slow age-relate declines in cognitive function.
800 mcg of folic acid daily provides optimal homocysteine reduction.
The leaves of the ginkgo tree have a long history of use in the Orient to prevent memory loss and age-related mental decline. Ginkgo biloba is a strong antioxidant, shown to retard nerve cell degeneration, protect brain cells from neurotoxins, reduce inflammation and improve blood flow. In studies, ginkgo has been shown to improve memory and mood, with few side effects. Ginkgo seems to help both older and younger people, and may also help to relieve depression and stress.
Several studies have shown 120 mg daily to be an optimal dose of ginkgo biloba.
Glucosamine hydrochloride is a combination of an amino acid and sugar. Glucosamine is found in cartilage, the smooth connective tissue in joints. Glucosamine hydrochloride is usually derived from the shells of shrimp, lobsters and crabs - however a brand called ReganaSure is shellfish-free. Glucosamine is needed by the body to form tendons, ligaments, cartilage, synovial fluid, mucous membranes, and structures in the eye, blood vessels, and heart valves. Glucosamine stimulates metabolism of cartilage-forming cells and of joint-lubricating synovial cells in the joint capsule. Evidence suggests that glucosamine can reduce pain in people with mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee.
Several studies have shown 1,500 mg to be an optimal dose of glucosamine hydrochloride.
Grape seed extract is obtained from the seeds of grapes, a by-product of the manufacturing of wine and grape juice. Grape seed extract is rich in flavonoids, the same compounds that give wine and grape juice its health benefits. Grape seed extract flavonoids have a wide variety of benefits, including protection against the oxygen-induced damage and harmful blood clots that can cause heart attacks. Grape seed extract flavonoids can help blood vessels dilate freely, which is why grape seed extract is used for chronic venous insufficiency and to reduce fluid in the legs. Flavonoids can also reduce the risk of allergic reactions and protect against drug and chemical-induced toxicity.
Experts suggest a maintenance dose of 40-80 mg daily of grape seed extract.
Green tea extract is derived from green tea, which has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The most well known active ingredient in green tea is called EGCG. Research suggests that regular consumption of green tea can help prevent a number of types of cancer. Green tea also seems to improve mental performance and help maintain alertness. Some studies also suggest it can help with weight loss.
Studies show that 50-500 mg of green tea extract per day is optimal.
Gymnema is an Ayurvedic herb that may reduce craving for sugar and help regulate blood sugar. Research suggests that gymnema reduces intestinal absorption of sugar and may stimulate the growth of pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Taking a gymnema sylvestre extract in combination with insulin or blood-sugar-lowering drugs can further reduce blood sugar in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. When it is placed in the mouth, gymnema alters the taste of sugar, possibly by blocking sugar receptors on the tongue, so some use it to fight sugar cravings.
Studies have shown 400-800 mg daily of gymnema to be effective.
Lutein is a yellow pigment usually found in combination with zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the two major pigments in the eye’s retina and macula (a spot in the center of the retina responsible for high-acuity vision). They act as antioxidants and as blue light filters, protecting underlying eye tissues from damage from light. Studies suggest that people who consume higher amounts of lutein and zeaxanthin in their diet have a reduced risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of vision loss in older people. Research shows that taking lutein and zeaxanthin supplements can improve symptoms of AMD such as glare recovery and contrast sensitivity. Studies also suggest a reduced risk of developing severe cataracts that require surgical removal in people consuming higher amounts of lutein zeaxanthin in their diet.
Studies show that 10-20 mg of lutein per day is optimal.
Lycopene is the pigment that gives some fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, their red color. Lycopene is also found in watermelons, pink grapefruits, apricots, and pink guavas. Like beta-carotene, lycopene is a carotenoid. However, it has no vitamin A activity. Lycopene is the most potent antioxidant of any carotenoid. Lycopene may reduce cancer risk by preventing oxidative damage to DNA. Studies link high intakes of lycopene with decreased risk for lung, prostate and ovarian cancer.
Experts recommend 5-10 mg of lycopene a day.
Madeglucyl is a patented product derived from the seeds of the edible plant, Eugenia jambolana, long used in Eastern medicine. Madeglucyl has a history of use for the treatment of diabetes. In clinical studies, Madeglucyl helps reduce blood sugar levels without causing low blood sugar.
Madeglucyl has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels at dosages of 1,000-3,000 mg per day.
Magnesium is a mineral involved in more than 300 different reactions in the body. Magnesium is especially important for energy metabolism, blood pressure regulation, normal heartbeat, nerve signaling, and bone metabolism. Processed foods often lack magnesium, making magnesium one of the nutrients lacking in many diets. Studies show magnesium is effective for certain types of heart arrhythmia, asthma, chronic fatigue syndrome, angina, and cluster headaches. Magnesium levels tend to be low in people with poorly-controlled diabetes, and research suggests that supplemental magnesium improves insulin sensitivity.
Experts recommend supplementing with a dosage of magnesium in the range of 250-400 mg per day.
Manganese is an essential trace mineral that helps maintain healthy bones and cartilage. Manganese is also is needed to make a powerful natural antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, which helps protect the body from chemical and radiation damage. Manganese is included in most multi-vitamin-mineral formulas and in some osteoporosis formulas. Evidence suggests that manganese, along with calcium, zinc, and copper, seems to help reduce spinal bone loss in postmenopausal women.
For osteoporosis, 2-4 mg combined with 1000 mg elemental calcium, 15 mg zinc, and 2 mg copper has been used.
MSM is a naturally-occurring compound found in green plants, grains, and milk. MSM is made from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and contributes sulfur to some proteins. MSM is primarily used for osteoarthritis, alone or in combination with glucosamine. Research suggests that a MSM-glucosamine combination can reduce some symptoms of osteoarthritis such as pain and swelling, and improve joint function.
Studies have shown 1,500 mg daily of MSM to be optimal.
Niacin is a B vitamin involved in energy production and other important chemical reactions in the body. A niacin deficiency affects the whole body, including the skin, intestines and brain. Niacin deficiencies are uncommon, since niacin is present in many foods. Niacin can be used therapeutically, in large doses, under medical supervision, to raise HDL cholesterol and lower triglycerides.
Experts recommend 15-25 mg of niacin daily.
Omega-3 fatty acids are a family of fatty acids that include alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosaptenaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). EPA seems to be especially useful for reducing inflammation in the body, while DHA works more in the brain. Both are used in combination to treat or prevent a variety of health problems, including heart conditions, depression, attention-deficit and bipolar disorders, macular degeneration, dementia, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung and skin diseases, and autoimmune disorders. ALA is usually present along with EPA and DHA and has its own anti-inflammatory activity.
Experts recommend a daily minimum of 500-800 mg of omega-3 fatty acids.
Pantothenic acid is a B vitamin essential for the body’s use of carbohydrates, proteins and fat, and in the production of hormones, neurotransmitters and epithelial cells (cells lining surface areas). A pantothenic acid deficiency may result in fatigue, headache, numbness and weakness in legs, and heart and intestinal changes. Pantothenic acid is found in most multi-vitamins, but amounts vary greatly.
While the RDA for pantothenic acid is 5 mg, research has shown 25-50 mg to be extremely effective.
Paractin is a patented, standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata, an herb used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine, mostly to treat colds and flu. Paractin is reported to have several active ingredients that help control inflammation by regulating the production of inflammation-producing biochemicals by immune cells. Paractin is thought to be a “natural COX-2 inhibitor” that may provide benefits for people with arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and other inflammatory conditions, without the side effects of drugs.
Research has shown 250 mg daily of Paractin to be effective.
Phytosterols are plant-based compounds similar to cholesterol that can interfere with cholesterol absorption and production in the body. Beta-sitosterol is a phytosterol commonly added to margarines as a cholesterol-reducing aid. Studies show phytosterols significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (bad cholesterol), but have little or no effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (good cholesterol). Research also suggests that beta-sitosterol may also have some anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulating properties.
Research has shown 200-800 mg of phytosterols to be effective.
Policosanol is a mixture of waxy alcohols derived from a variety of plant sources including sugar cane and wheat germ oil. Some research suggests that policosanol can lower total cholesterol by 9-29% by inhibiting the liver’s production of cholesterol and by increasing the breakdown of LDL cholesterol. Research also shows that policosanol helps to reduce harmful blood-clotting that can lead to heart attacks.
For high cholesterol 10-20 mg daily of Policosanol has been shown to be effective.
Pomegranate is a unique, deep-red fruit with leathery skin and many small seeds, native to Iran. Pomegranate has been used for millennia to treat a wide variety of diseases. Pomegranate juice contains more polyphenols than red wine, green tea, blueberry, cranberry, or orange juice. Pomegranate polyphenols have antioxidant activity that can be as much as three times higher than red wine or green tea. Research suggests that pomegranate juice may slow the progression of heart disease, reduce blood pressure, help regulate blood sugar, reduce cholesterol, slow the progression of osteoarthritis, and even have some anti-cancer properties.
Research has shown 250 mg of pomegranate fruit extract to be effective.
Pygeum is an evergreen tree found in the mountains of central and southern Africa. Research shows that pygeum contains three types of compounds that effectively relieve the symptoms of prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia).
For relief of BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia), 100 mg per day of pygeum has been proven effective.
Riboflavin is an essential B vitamin, required for oxygen use and energy production. Riboflavin is also involved in red blood cell production and helps the body to produce an important natural antioxidant, glutathione. A riboflavin deficiency may result in cracks around the mouth, burning tongue, and skin changes. A riboflavin deficiency can occur in people with long-standing infections such as HIV, liver disease, alcoholism, and cancer. Riboflavin is thought to play a role in cataract prevention. High dietary intake of riboflavin is associated with a reduced risk of cataracts.
Research has shown up to 30 mg per day of riboflavin to be beneficial.
Saw palmetto extract comes from the berries of a small palm tree. Saw palmetto berries contain oils that help reduce the effects of male hormones on prostate tissue and reduce inflammation, and so, improve symptoms of enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia).
Research has shown 400 mg daily of saw palmetto to be effective for BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia).
Selenium is a trace mineral, essential in small amounts for good health. Selenium activates glutathione, an important antioxidant produced in the body. Selenium acts together with vitamin E to provide antioxidant protection. Selenium plays a major role in thyroid hormone production. Research shows selenium can reduce the risk for cancer, especially prostate cancer. It also seems to improve immune function. The Upper Safe Limit for selenium is 400 mcg a day.
For cancer prevention, 200 mcg of selenium per day is recommended.
Soy isoflavones are compounds isolated from soybeans. Soy isoflavones act like weak forms of estrogen. Soy isoflavones are used most often to reduce symptoms of menopause. Research shows that taking concentrated soy isoflavone extracts can reduce symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. Studies also suggest that soy isoflavones can reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women.
According to research, 50-150 mg of soy isoflavones per day is recommended to help symptoms of menopause.
Super Citrimax is a patented product containing hydroxycitrate (HCA), derived from the tamarind (Garcinia cambogia), a fruit native to southern India. HCA is similar to the citric acid found in oranges and lemons, but has some unique properties. Research shows that HCA helps to prevent excess calories from being stored as fat. HCA also seems to help control appetite through a number of possible actions. Several studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of HCA.
Studies show 4,500 mg a day in divided doses to be effective for weight loss.
Sytrinol is a patented product made from citrus peels. Sytrinol is a powerful antioxidant that contains phytosterols, which are cholesterol-like compounds found in plants. Studies have shown the heart-healthy benefits of Sytrinol in lowering total and LDL cholesterol levels, without the side effects common to cholesterol-lowering drugs.
A dosage of 150 mg of Sytrinol per day has been found effective for reducing cholesterol levels.
Thiamine is a B vitamin involved in carbohydrate metabolism and the production of energy. A thiamine deficiency can lead to many problems, including degeneration of the nervous system. A lack of thiamine can be caused by alcoholism or a diet high in foods that interfere with thiamine, such as coffee and tea. A simple blood test can test for a thiamine deficiency.
Studies have shown that up to 50 mg of thiamine can safely improve mental alertness.
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA is an essential fatty acid found in safflower and other vegetable oils that, studies suggest, can help you selectively lose fat rather than water or muscle as you lose weight. CLA also reduces the body’s ability to absorb fat, because it suppresses an enzyme, lipoprotein lipase, that breaks down fat in the intestines so that it can be absorbed. In weight loss studies, Tonalin, a patented form of CLA, has provided reductions in total body fat mass.
Research has shown 1,000-3,000 mg per day to be effective.
Vinpocetine is a compound derived from a plant in the periwinkle family. Vinpocetine seems to have a number of beneficial effects. Some studies indicate that vinpocetine can enhance blood flow to the brain and improve oxygen and glucose use by brain cells. Vinpocetine seems to increase production of some neurotransmitters. Vinpocetine also decreases the blood’s tendency to form harmful clots. Research suggests that vinpocetine can protect nerve cells and help prevent seizures by protecting against lack of oxygen and by regulating certain biochemical pathways. Vinpocetine also may be modestly effective in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and other kinds of dementia.
Research has shown 5-20 mg of vinpocetine daily to be effective.
Vitaberry is a patented blend of freeze-dried whole fruit powders and extracts, including wild blueberry, cranberry, raspberry, strawberry, wild bilberry, tart cherry, prune, and grape. One gram of Vitaberry contains the antioxidant protection of more than 10 servings of fruits and vegetables.
Research has shown 10-100 mg of Vitaberry to provide significant antioxidant levels and other benefits.
Carotenoids are a class of more than 600 red, orange, and yellow pigments found in plants. All have antioxidant power, and some, particularly beta-carotene, can also be converted to vitamin A in the body. Studies suggest that diets high in carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced risk of heart disease and some cancers.
The RDA for vitamin A is 5,000 IU. Stop Aging Now's Multi-Nutrient Formulas split this amount between 2,500 IU of vitamin A in the form of beta-carotene and mixed carotenoids and 2,500 IU in the form of vitamin A palmitate.
Vitamin A plays an important role in vision, the development and maintenance of bone, skin, and mucous membranes, proper immune function, and the orderly growth, maturation, and division of cells. Vitamin A palmitate is a source of preformed vitamin A, also know as retinol, which is found in animal-based foods. (Liver is a good source.) Provitamin A carotenoids, which are found in plant-based foods, are converted to vitamin A as needed by the body.
The RDA for vitamin A is 5,000 IU. Stop Aging Now's Multi-Nutrient Formulas split this amount between 2,500 IU of vitamin A in the form of beta-carotene and mixed carotenoids and 2,500 IU in the form of vitamin A palmitate.
Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that helps maintain healthy nerves and red blood cells. Vitamin B12 is also needed to make DNA, the genetic material found in all cells. Dietary vitamin B12 is found primarily in animal-based foods. In older people, a vitamin B12 deficiency is most likely to occur due to problems absorbing the vitamin because of low stomach acid. Symptoms of a vitamin B12 deficiency can include depression, memory loss, numbness and tingling, and trouble with balance and walking. Vitamin B12 is generally considered safe, even in large doses. It is usually used in combination with other B vitamins.
Therapeutic dosages of vitamin B12 are 500 mcg or more a day.
Vitamin B6 is an essential nutrient needed to process proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Vitamin B6 is involved in a wide variety of chemical reactions in the body, including the production of important brain and nerve neurotransmitters. Vitamin B6 helps protect the heart and blood vessels by working with folic acid and vitamin B12 to reduce blood levels of toxic homocysteine. Vitamin B6 is found to be effective in helping to prevent lung cancer, oxalate-type kidney stones, and premenstrual syndrome.
Therapeutic dosages of vitamin B6 range from 10-200 mg a day.
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in many of the body's important metabolic processes. Vitamin C is probably best known for its role as an antioxidant and in proper immune function. A vitamin C deficiency leads to poor immunity, loose teeth, hemorrhaging in the skin and muscles, and eventually, death. Vitamin C deficiencies are not common, but can be overlooked.
Therapeutic dosages range widely, from 200-2,000 mg per day.
Vitamin D is an essential nutrient involved in bone metabolism and calcium use throughout the body. A vitamin D deficiency leads to bone loss, muscle weakness, and loss of balance. Supplemental vitamin D can help prevent falls and fractures in older people. Vitamin D also benefits some forms of psoriasis, and some disorders associated with calcium deficiency. Vitamin D deficiencies are more common than previously thought, especially in older people.
New research suggests 1,000 IU per day of Vitamin D may be optimal. Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D3, is the superior supplemental form.
Vitamin E is an essential nutrient and potent antioxidant found primarily in vegetable oils and nuts and seeds. There are 8 different forms of natural vitamin E. Four are tocopherol forms: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-, and four are tocotrienol forms. Most of the vitamin E in foods is gamma-tocopherol. Research suggests supplemental vitamin E can help with macular degeneration, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, anemia associated with kidney dialysis, some types of cancer and chemotherapy-related toxicity, decreased strength and physical performance in older adults, and diabetes and neuropathy.
The RDA for vitamin E is 15 mg/day (22.5 IU of alpha-tocopherol). Amounts used therapeutically range from 200-1,000 IU or more.
Zeaxanthin is a yellow pigment usually found in combination with lutein. It is lutein's mirror-image. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the two major pigments in the eye’s retina and macula (a spot in the center of the retina responsible for high-acuity vision). They act as antioxidants and as blue light filters, protecting underlying eye tissues from damage from light. People who consume higher amounts of lutein and zeaxanthin have a reduced risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of vision loss in older people. Research suggests that taking lutein and zeaxanthin supplements improves symptoms of AMD such as glare recovery and contrast sensitivity. Studies also suggest a reduced risk of developing severe cataracts that require surgical removal in people consuming higher amounts of lutein and zeaxanthin.
To reduce the risk of macular degeneration and cataracts, experts suggest 2-5 mg daily of zeaxanthin.
Zinc is an essential trace mineral involved in many biological processes in the body, including the manufacture of genetic materials and proteins. Zinc plays an important role in immune function, wound healing, taste and smell, thyroid function, and insulin action. Symptoms of a zinc deficiency include mental lethargy, lack of appetite, poor sense of smell and taste, and decreased thyroid function. Zinc deficiencies are rare in the US, however, alcoholism and chronic kidney disease can create a zinc deficiency. Zinc works closely with vitamin A. Zinc monomethionine is a highly-absorbable form of zinc.
For men, 11 mg of zinc per day is considered adequate. For women, 8 mg per day may be appropriate. Therapeutic dosages range from 20-50 mg per day.
Tocotrienols are a form of vitamin E. The vitamin E family contains four natural tocopherols and four natural tocotrienols, alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol. While tocopherols are generally concentrated in vegetable oils, tocotrienols tend to be concentrated in cereal grains such as rice, oats, and barley. Some research suggests that the fat-soluable molecular structure of tocotrienols may make them the more effective antioxidants of the vitamin E family.
Research has shown 10-20 mg of tocotrienols to be effective.
Brown rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain, which is removed to create white rice. Brown rice bran contains high levels of several antioxidants, including vitamin E. Recent studies have suggested that brown rice bran can lower elevated blood pressure and levels of unhealthy LDL cholesterol.
Quercetin is one of the flavonoids, water-soluable plant pigments commonly known for their antioxidant activity. Studies have shown that quercetin is consistently the most active of the flavonoids, and is found in high concentrations in many medicinal plants. Research suggests that quercetin may be particularly useful in the prevention of cancer. Quercetin has been used therapeutically for a wide range of allergic and inflammatory conditions, including respiratory conditions such as asthma and bronchitis.
Experts recommend 200–500 mg of quercetin taken 2-3 times per day.
Resveratrol is an antioxidant present in a wide variety of plants. Wine and grape juice are among the best dietary sources of resveratrol. Red wine contains much greater amounts of resveratrol than does white wine, since resveratrol is concentrated in the grape skin and the manufacturing process of red wine includes prolonged contact with grape skins.
Research has shown 200–600 mg of resveratrol per day to be effective.
Soy lecithin is a natural fat-soluble substance derived from soybeans. Lecithin is also present in high concentrations in meat, egg yolks, and bee pollen. It is used commercially as an emulsifier of fats, which actually parallels it's action within the body. Lecithin contains phosphatidylcholine, which is used by the liver in its metabolism of fats.
Lecithin is often taken in a dosages of up to 1,200 mg twice daily.
Tocopherols are a form of vitamin E. The vitamin E family contains four natural tocotrienols and four natural tocopherols, d-alpha, beta, delta and gamma-tocopherol. Tocopherols are fat-soluble antioxidants that are generally concentrated in vegetable oils.
Amounts used therapeutically range from 200-1,000 IU or more.
Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid that is most commonly known for its high antioxidant activity. Research has indicated that due to astaxanthin’s high antioxidant activity, it may be beneficial for a number of different health concerns. Particularly, it has shown promising implications for supporting cardiovascular and immune health. Astaxanthin may also provide support for inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
Experts recommend taking .5 to 2mg per day.
Chondroitin is a major component of cartilage. Supplemental chondroitin sulfate is derived from natural animal sources including shark and cow cartilage. Chondroitin may play a positive role osteoarthritis, because it may preserve joint cartilage. Chondroitin is frequently used in combination with glucosamine. Overall, evidence suggests that some people with osteoarthritis of the knee benefit from taking chondroitin.
Studies have shown 1,200 mg of chondroitin sulfate in combination with 1,500 mg of glucosamine hydrochloride per day to be effective.
Boron is a trace mineral which is used as a dietary supplement for promoting bone and joint health, building muscles and increasing testosterone levels, and enhancing cognitive function and fine motor skills. Boron seems to be important in mineral metabolism and cell membrane function. Research suggests that supplemental boron may increase serum estrogen levels in postmenopausal women.
Studies have shown that taking up to 3 mg of boron daily via supplements is safe.
Research has shown that calcium can play a positive role in osteoporosis, hypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), leg cramps associated with pregnancy, colorectal cancer, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Calcium can also be used as an antacid. It is estimated that 30 years of continuous calcium supplementation among post-menopausal women might result in a 10% improvement in bone mineral density, and a 50% overall reduction in fracture rates, as compared with women who do not take calcium supplements.
Studies have demonstrated the safety of supplementing with up to 2000 mg of calcium daily.
Black cohosh is used as a medicinal herb to reduce symptoms of menopause, including hot flashes. There is evidence to suggest that black cohosh may be comparable to a low-dose estrogen skin patch for relieving hot flashes. Black cohosh may have some estrogen-like effects, but black cohosh does not appear to affect endometrial tissue or hormone levels. Black cohosh may work by affecting the pituitary gland.
Studies have shown 80-250 mg of black cohosh per day to be effective.
Biotin is a B vitamin involved in the production of fats and proteins. Biotin can be manufactured in the intestines by bacteria. People deficient in biotin may experience symptoms including loss of appetite, nausea, dry skin with scaling, and seborrhea (a chronic inflammatory skin condition with flaking, especially around the nose, eyebrows and hairline). Cradle cap in infants may indicate a biotin deficiency.
Studies have shown 30-300 mcg of biotin per day to be effective.
Phase 2®, or phaseolamin, or is a non-stimulant, natural substance derived from white kidney beans. Phase 2® may act as a "carb blocker" in the body by interfering with the digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates for absorption. Phase 2® also contains fiber, which can bind with fats to reduce fat absorption.
Studies have shown 1,500 mg of Phase 2® per day to be effective.
Alpha lipoic acid occurs naturally in the body. Alpha lipoic acid was originally thought to be a vitamin, but alpha lipoic acid was reclassified upon the discovery that it is created in the bodies of humans and animals. Alpha lipoic acid is involved in the production of energy from carbohydrates. Alpha lipoic acid may improve insulin resistance and glucose use. Research shows that alpha lipoic acid may also be also useful in the treatment of nerve and eye damage. Alpha lipoic acid has been used for dementia, chronic fatigue syndrome, HIV/AIDS, cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and Lyme disease. Alpha lipoic acid may also enhance the antioxidant action of vitamin E, vitamin C, and glutathione, and prevent oxidative damage to nerves and the brain.
Studies have shown 50-100 mg of alpha lipoic acid per day to be effective.
Acetyl-L-carnitine occurs naturally in the body and is also found in animal products, primarily red meat. Acetyl-L-carnitine helps the body burn fat for energy. Acetyl-L-carnitine also improves the body’s production of an important neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, and may reduce oxidative damage in the brain. Several studies have shown that there may be some positive effects of acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation in Alzheimer's patients. Other research suggests that acetyl-L-carnitine may help slow age-related mental decline, protect the brain after a stroke, and improve blood flow to the brain. Acetyl-L-carnitine might also be effective in the treatment of diabetic and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy and in the regeneration of nerves in the arms and legs.
A preventive, long-term usage dose of acetyl-L-carnitine is 100-400 mg.
Acai berry extract is derived from the deep purple, grape-sized fruit of the acai palm which grows in South America. The acai berry has been used traditionally for arthritis and heart disease, and for improving general health. The pulp of the acai berry is rich in antioxidants that may protect cells from damage associated with aging, disease, and environmental toxins. Research has shown that acai berries have more antioxidant power than cranberries, raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, or blueberries.
Studies have shown 400-800 mg per day of acai berry extract to be effective.
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is the major fatty acid in fish oil that helps protect brains against dementia and Alzheimer's disease. DHA is used during the first four months of life to enhance mental development. Evidence shows DHA is also helpful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, macular degeneration, and depression. In combination with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA is also used for a variety of heart conditions, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung diseases, and lupus. EPA and DHA are also used in combination for migraine headaches, skin problems, Raynaud's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder, and ulcerative colitis.
DHA is usually administered with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in fish oil. A wide range of dosages has been used. A typical dose is 100-300 mg of DHA.
Curcumin is concentrated in the yellow curry spice, turmeric. As an extract in supplements, curcumin is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. In clinical research, curcumin shows promise as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease, and may help explain why the curry-eating population of India has an extremely low rate of Alzheimer's.
Research suggests that 10-200 mg of curcumin per day is effective.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant and energy booster within all cells, particularly in the heart and brain. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) helps cells make ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the fuel for all cell activity and thus, all life. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels decline dramatically with age, and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is also depleted by the use of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs. Low levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are associated with muscle pain and weakness, and a higher risk of congestive heart failure, heart attacks, chest pain, chronic inflammation and high blood pressure.
Research suggests that 10-400 mg of CoQ10 is effective.
Copper is an essential trace mineral, involved in the body’s production of proteins that help maintain structure and elasticity in the skin and blood vessels. Copper is also involved in the production of red blood cells, antioxidants, energy, and neurotransmitters. Supplemental copper is used primarily for the prevention of heart disease and the treatment of osteoarthritis. There is evidence that taking copper in combination with zinc, manganese, and calcium might slow bone loss in postmenopausal women. Copper deficiencies have been linked with aneurysm (the bulging or rupture of blood vessels). Copper deficiencies are rare, but have been found in people taking high doses of zinc. Too much copper can be toxic.
The estimated safe and adequate intake of copper for adults is 1.5-3 mg.
Chromium is an essential trace mineral involved in blood sugar metabolism. Chromium may improve blood sugar control in types 1 and 2 diabetes, pre-diabetes, steroid-induced high blood sugar, and reactive hypoglycemia. Some evidence also suggests that chromium might decrease weight gain and fat accumulation, especially in people with type 2 diabetes.
Research suggests all adults should take a 200 mcg of chromium per day.
Cinnamon is a spice that may improve insulin sensitivity by making insulin work better and by mimicking insulin activity. Studies show that supplemental cinnamon may help to reduce fasting blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes. Research also suggests that daily use of a water-soluble extract of cinnamon, Cinnulin, may improve body composition by increasing muscle and reducing fat, while also improving blood sugar levels and reducing insulin resistance.
Research suggests that 250 mg of Cinnulin per day is effective.
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is a major component of fish oil used to reduce inflammation in the body. EPA is used in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for a variety of heart conditions, Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, asthma, cancer, hay fever, lung diseases, and lupus. EPA and DHA are also used in combination for migraine headaches, skin problems, Raynaud's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder, and ulcerative colitis. Research shows that increased consumption of EPA-containing fish oil may slightly decrease the risk of death in patients with coronary artery disease, reduce risk for dementia, improve symptoms of recurrent depression, help psoriasis, and lead to a modest improvement in aggressive behavior in people with personality disorders.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is usually administered with DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) as fish oil. A wide range of doses has been used. A typical dose is 1200-500 mg.
Flaxseed contains soluble fiber, which helps lower cholesterol and prevent constipation. Flaxseed contains essential fatty acids that can be converted to heart-healthy, anti-inflammatory omega-3 fats in the body, and lignans, compounds with weak estrogen-like properties. Research shows flaxseed can lower total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, reduce symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes and night sweats, and relieve constipation. Evidence also suggests flaxseed can reduce the risk for hormone-related breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men, and improve kidney function in people with lupus.
Dosages of 30-50 grams a day have been found effective for improving symptoms of menopause, reducing high cholesterol, and improving lupus-related kidney problems.
Folate, or folic acid, is a B vitamin found in foliage plants. Folic acid functions in many body processes, including cell division, energy production, nervous system growth and maintenance, production of neurotransmitters and red blood cells. Folic acid is critically important in suppressing homocysteine, a blood protein linked to heart disease, strokes and dementia. Folic acid also reduces the risk of birth defects and certain cancers. Research suggests getting adequate folic acid can slow age-relate declines in cognitive function.
800 mcg of folic acid daily provides optimal homocysteine reduction.
The leaves of the ginkgo tree have a long history of use in the Orient to prevent memory loss and age-related mental decline. Ginkgo biloba is a strong antioxidant, shown to retard nerve cell degeneration, protect brain cells from neurotoxins, reduce inflammation and improve blood flow. In studies, ginkgo has been shown to improve memory and mood, with few side effects. Ginkgo seems to help both older and younger people, and may also help to relieve depression and stress.
Several studies have shown 120 mg daily to be an optimal dose of ginkgo biloba.
Glucosamine hydrochloride is a combination of an amino acid and sugar. Glucosamine is found in cartilage, the smooth connective tissue in joints. Glucosamine hydrochloride is usually derived from the shells of shrimp, lobsters and crabs - however a brand called ReganaSure is shellfish-free. Glucosamine is needed by the body to form tendons, ligaments, cartilage, synovial fluid, mucous membranes, and structures in the eye, blood vessels, and heart valves. Glucosamine stimulates metabolism of cartilage-forming cells and of joint-lubricating synovial cells in the joint capsule. Evidence suggests that glucosamine can reduce pain in people with mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee.
Several studies have shown 1,500 mg to be an optimal dose of glucosamine hydrochloride.
Grape seed extract is obtained from the seeds of grapes, a by-product of the manufacturing of wine and grape juice. Grape seed extract is rich in flavonoids, the same compounds that give wine and grape juice its health benefits. Grape seed extract flavonoids have a wide variety of benefits, including protection against the oxygen-induced damage and harmful blood clots that can cause heart attacks. Grape seed extract flavonoids can help blood vessels dilate freely, which is why grape seed extract is used for chronic venous insufficiency and to reduce fluid in the legs. Flavonoids can also reduce the risk of allergic reactions and protect against drug and chemical-induced toxicity.
Experts suggest a maintenance dose of 40-80 mg daily of grape seed extract.
Green tea extract is derived from green tea, which has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The most well known active ingredient in green tea is called EGCG. Research suggests that regular consumption of green tea can help prevent a number of types of cancer. Green tea also seems to improve mental performance and help maintain alertness. Some studies also suggest it can help with weight loss.
Studies show that 50-500 mg of green tea extract per day is optimal.
Gymnema is an Ayurvedic herb that may reduce craving for sugar and help regulate blood sugar. Research suggests that gymnema reduces intestinal absorption of sugar and may stimulate the growth of pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Taking a gymnema sylvestre extract in combination with insulin or blood-sugar-lowering drugs can further reduce blood sugar in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. When it is placed in the mouth, gymnema alters the taste of sugar, possibly by blocking sugar receptors on the tongue, so some use it to fight sugar cravings.
Studies have shown 400-800 mg daily of gymnema to be effective.
Lutein is a yellow pigment usually found in combination with zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the two major pigments in the eye’s retina and macula (a spot in the center of the retina responsible for high-acuity vision). They act as antioxidants and as blue light filters, protecting underlying eye tissues from damage from light. Studies suggest that people who consume higher amounts of lutein and zeaxanthin in their diet have a reduced risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a common cause of vision loss in older people. Research shows that taking lutein and zeaxanthin supplements can improve symptoms of AMD such as glare recovery and contrast sensitivity. Studies also suggest a reduced risk of developing severe cataracts that require surgical removal in people consuming higher amounts of lutein zeaxanthin in their diet.
Studies show that 10-20 mg of lutein per day is optimal.
Lycopene is the pigment that gives some fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, their red color. Lycopene is also found in watermelons, pink grapefruits, apricots, and pink guavas. Like beta-carotene, lycopene is a carotenoid. However, it has no vitamin A activity. Lycopene is the most potent antioxidant of any carotenoid. Lycopene may reduce cancer risk by preventing oxidative damage to DNA. Studies link high intakes of lycopene with decreased risk for lung, prostate and ovarian cancer.
Experts recommend 5-10 mg of lycopene a day.
Madeglucyl is a patented product derived from the seeds of the edible plant, Eugenia jambolana, long used in Eastern medicine. Madeglucyl has a history of use for the treatment of diabetes. In clinical studies, Madeglucyl helps reduce blood sugar levels without causing low blood sugar.
Madeglucyl has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels at dosages of 1,000-3,000 mg per day.
Magnesium is a mineral involved in more than 300 different reactions in the b |
